Table of Content

20 September 2025, Volume 61 Issue 5

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Research Progress of Aggregation-Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Materials in Biomedical Applications

YE Danfeng, XU Bing, CHEN Mingming, CHEN Minghan

2025, 61(5):  833-838.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.103

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This review systematically summarizes the development of purely organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials and provides a comprehensive elucidation of their luminescence mechanisms and fundamental characteristics. As one of the most promising next-generation electroluminescent materials, TADF compounds demonstrate significant potential in biomedical applications owing to their minimal singlet-triplet energy gap, outstanding photophysical properties, structural tunability, and excellent biocompatibility. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in the application of these materials in fluorescence imaging, time-resolved imaging, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy.

Tensile Properties and Energy Consumption Law in Green Sandstone under Different Loading Rates

ZHAO Huanshuai, PAN Yongtai, QIAO Xin, WANG Xingyu, YUE Fankai, HUANG Jiacheng, LI Kaining, MA Zhuang, GUO Cailing

2025, 61(5):  839-852.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.078

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In order to investigate the tensile characteristics and energy dissipation laws of green sandstone under different loading rates, the macro-micro mechanical response relationship of green sandstone was established by combining indoor experiments and micro parameter calibration. The mechanical properties, fracture characteristics, crack propagation, and energy dissipation laws of green sandstone under different loading rates were studied using the particle flow code. The results are as follows. 1) With the loading rate of 0.1 m/s as the boundary point, the maximum radial stress-strain of green sandstone exhibits a sequentially slow and rapid increasing trend, and the microelements formed after fracture accelerate to fracture again in accordance with the Brazilian splitting method. 2) When the loading rate is less than 0.1 m/s, the tensile cracks in the green sandstone show the trend of slight fluctuations, and no shear cracks appear. When the loading rate is more than 0.1 m/s, tensile cracks increase rapidly and shear cracks begin to appear, but the number is relatively small. The propagation direction of crack is perpendicular or at a certain angle to the loading direction, and relatively less in the horizontal direction. There is a negative correlation between crack propagation time and loading rate. When the loading rate is 0.1~1 m/s, the propagation time of crack tends to be stable, with a range of 1.757–0.951 μs. 3) When the loading rate is less than 0.1 m/s, except for significant fluctuations in kinetic energy, the dissipated energy basically shows a trend of small fluctuations. However, when the loading rate is more than 0.1 m/s, the dissipated energy increases rapidly. The energy loss (kinetic energy) accounts for the main part, while the energy used for crack propagation (damping energy and friction energy) is more than the energy used for crack generation (bond failure energy). This study not only reveals the characteristics of rock fracture and energy dissipation at the microscopic level, but also provides reference for the rational selection of loading methods in rock-crushing processes. 

Hydrophobic Modification and Spectroscopic Characterization of Citric Acid–Phenylenediamine-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots

WANG Yali, WANG Yongchao, XIE Guozhen, CAO Jintao, WANG Chenghu, WANG Shaojie, HAO Fenglian, BAI Longlong

2025, 61(5):  853-859.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.069

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Citric acid was used as the carbon source, and three phenylenediamine isomers — o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, and p-phenylenediamine — served as nitrogen sources to synthesize carbon quantum dots (CQDs) via a hydrothermal method. The resulting CQDs exhibited distinct colors: orange-yellow (o-phenylenediamine), light yellow (m-phenylenediamine), and purple (p-phenylenediamine). The CQDs were subsequently modified with oleylamine to introduce hydrophobic surface properties. Structural and optical properties before and after modification were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). The results indicate that the CQDs derived from m-phenylenediamine showed the most enhanced hydrophobicity after oleylamine modification, with significantly improved solubility in toluene, which is attributed to strengthened hydrocarbon interactions.

Entity Relation Extraction Based on Span Representation for Tibetan Medicine Literature

ZHOU Qing, YONG Tso, LAMAO Dongzhi, NYIMA Trashi

2025, 61(5):  860-868.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.125

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Due to the particularity of Tibetan medical terminology, the scarcity of text resources, and the complexity of language processing, traditional entity relation extraction methods are difficult to directly apply in the field of Tibetan medicine. This paper proposes a method for extracting entity relation from Tibetan medical literature based on span representation. By using span representation and TibetanAI_ALBERT_v2.0 pre-trained language model for encoding, potential candidate entities are enumerated to solve the problem of insufficient recognition of entity nesting. At the same time, KL divergence is introduced to constrain the model inconsistency during the training and inference stages. The experimental results on the entity relation extraction dataset TibetanAI_TMDisRE_v1.0 in the field of Tibetan medicine show that the proposed method achieves significant performance improvement, with accuracy, recall, and F1 values reaching 84.85%, 77.35%, and 80.81%, respectively.

Dehazing Method Integrating Regional Minimum Entropy and Neighborhood Haze Line Optimization

HAN Kelei, HUANG He, HU Kaiyi, WANG Huifeng, GAO Tao

2025, 61(5):  869-883.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.064

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An improved image dehazing method is proposed to address the issues of blurred details and color distortion in the restored image obtained by traditional dehazing algorithms. Firstly, the main structural image and the minimum channel image of the hazy image are acquired. The brightness mapping of the main structural image is calculated, and the maximum and sub-maximum points are identified to form four candidate regions. The median value of the region with the minimum entropy is selected as the global atmospheric light value. Subsequently, a fog line reliability evaluation parameter is introduced to determine whether transmission rate points belong to the noise area. Clustering of transmission rate points in the noise area is conducted, and the transmission rate is optimized using neighborhood fog lines. Clusters with too few pixels are merged, and the selection range of the maximum irradiance is appropriately expanded to compensate for errors caused by limited areas. Finally, edge information in the minimum channel is extracted using a side window box filter. An adaptive weight factor based on the characteristics of fog line clustering results is designed to remove texture information, further refine the transmission rate, and ultimately obtain the restored image based on the atmospheric imaging model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm shows significant performance improvements compared with various dehazing algorithms, with enhancements in information entropy, average gradient, blur coefficient, and fog concentration evaluation index (FADE), resulting in more complete details and better color matching with human visual perception in the restored image.

A Lightweight Model Design Method for Fire Detection via Dual Level Pruning and Post-Training Quantization

XU Pengtao, WANG Gang, ZHANG Lianjie, WANG Yue, HUANG Hua

2025, 61(5):  884-890.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.077

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A lightweight fire detection model is designed to meet the urgent demand for efficient and lightweight models in the field of fire detection. The model is built based on the SSD object detection algorithm, and pruning and quantization methods are used to achieve lightweighting of the detection model in order to reduce model size, improve model speed, and meet the deployment requirements in practical scenarios. In order to achieve effective pruning of the model network at both channel and layer levels, a dual pruning method based on fusible residual convolution blocks is proposed. In order to effectively improve the performance of the quantization model, an adaptive method is introduced to quantize the model, which realizes a post-training quantization method based on adaptive outlier removal. The experimental results show that the proposed pruning method and quantization method exhibit significant advantages compared with the original method, and can significantly reduce the model size with almost no impact on performance. The final lightweight fire detection model also has excellent performance.

Magmatic and Tectonic Crustal Accretion at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 30.00°N and 31.55°N

FENG Bo, LI Jianghai

2025, 61(5):  891-901.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.025

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Utilizing high-precision shipborne multibeam bathymetry and gravity anomaly data, we analyzed the fault structures and magmatic characteristics of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) segment between 30.00°N and 31.55°N. Firstly, based on the multibeam bathymetry data, slope, roughness, and curvature information in the study area, we identified two main geomorphological patterns: faults and volcanic features. The fault geomorphology was further divided into three typical fault styles: detachment faults, E-type faults, and C-type faults. In the entire region, E-type faults are mainly distributed within the area 20–50 km away from the ridge axis on both flanks, while C-type faults are more densely distributed in the near-axis region and the rift valley of the MAR, within 0–20 km from the axis. Subsequently, the horizontal fault heaves and tectonic strain rate (T) values were calculated based on 13 cross-axis profiles. The results indicate a significant asymmetric spreading phenomenon in the region. In areas with sufficient magma supply, or near the ridge axis and the rift valley, the T values are relatively small, typically forming a thicker oceanic crust and C-type faults with smaller horizontal fault offsets. In areas with depleted magma supply or farther away from the mid-ocean ridge, a thinner oceanic crust is often formed, with larger T values and more prevalent E-type faults and detachment faults with larger horizontal fault offsets.

Sedimentary Facies and Model of Xiaoerbulake Formation in the Lower Cambrian in Tarim Basin

HE Qing, SHI Kaibo, WU Chun, LIU Bo, LIU Yongli, LI Jun, BAI Xiangyu

2025, 61(5):  902-914.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.020

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Based on field outcrop observations in the north Tarim Basin and thin-section observations of typical drilling wells, we accurately established a sedimentary model and finely characterized the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of high-energy mound and shoal facies. The results show that a carbonate ramp is developed in Xiaoerbulake Formation in Tarim Basin. The types of sedimentary facies include mixed tidal flat, inner-ramp (dolomite-flat, lagoon and shoal), middle-ramp (inner zone, outer zone, microbial mounds, and shoal) and outer ramp-basins. By characterizing the spatiotemporal distribution of sedimentary facies within the isochronous stratigraphic framework, an internal depression and distally steepening carbonate ramp model was established. The high-energy mound and shoal facies deposits with high-quality reservoirs are mainly affected by the original paleogeomorphy and fluctuation of relative sea level. The middle-ramp shoals are developed in Tazhong area, the middle-ramp mounds and shoals are developed in Bachu area and Keping area, and the middle-ramp shoals are developed in the high paleogeomorphy of Lunnan area.

Extracting Teleseismic Mid-frequency Surface Wave Phase Velocity Based on Short-Period Seismic Observations

WEN Jingchong, WANG Jingxiang, ZHAO Zhiyuan, NING Jieyuan, LÜ Guojun, HAN Xiaofei

2025, 61(5):  915-924.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.083

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The teleseismic surface wave two-station method was applied to an ultra-dense array of short-period seismometers in Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. After the teleseismic records were filtered and corrected for instrument responses, mid-frequency (5–15 s) surface wave signals were extracted. High signal-to-noise ratio records were selected through screening. The Rayleigh wave phases were extracted from the Z component, and average dispersion curves for station pairs were obtained. The S-wave velocity structure was subsequently inverted. The results demonstrate that appropriate filtering and cross-instrument response correction enable the extraction of mid-frequency Rayleigh wave phase velocities from short-period seismometer recordings. Although the observation period is extremely limited, the inverted S-wave velocity structure aligns well with local fault tectonics. This confirms that mid-frequency seismic signals derived from short-period instruments are viable for subsurface inversion via teleseismic surface waves.

Scale of Paranoid Personality Organization Type: Development and Validation

ZHANG Xiuming, FENG Shiyu, ZHONG Jie

2025, 61(5):  925-930.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.042

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To develop the Scale of Paranoid Personality Organization Type (SPPOT) and test its reliability and validity, the initial scale was developed based on the diagnostic standard in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) of PPD, personality organization theory and the clinical behavior samples. Sample 1 of 683 effective participants filled out SPPOT and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Sample 2 of 484 subjects filled out SPPOT and Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO). 60 effective participants were involved in checking of test-retest correlation at 5-week intervals. The final version of SPPOT had 18 items (including 4 lie detection items) and 3 dimensions: Hostile (Ht), Distrust (Dt) and Paranoid Thinking (PT), which cumulatively explained 42.28% variance. The scale had good structural validity (χ²/df=1.1, RMSEA=0.01, GFI=0.98, NFI=0.95, CFI=0.99). Cronbach’s α of SPPOT, Ht, Dt and PT was 0.77, 0.64, 0.35 and 0.64 respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of Ht, Dt, PT and SPPOT were 0.79, 0.72, 0.63 and 0.75 (P<0.001). The criterion-related validity with MCMI-III and IPO sounded acceptable (r=0.13–0.31, P<0.001). SPPOT generally meets the measurement requirements for paranoid personality types and levels of personality organization.

Preparation of Catalysts from Vanadium Slag and Catalytic Oxidation Performance for Toluene

ZENG Qian, WU Yanhua, YAN Zheng, LI Chuanmin, CAO Nianping, HE Junliang, LIU Jianying, YANG Lin

2025, 61(5):  931-936.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.072

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Vanadium slag (VS) and vanadium tailing slag (DVS) were used as raw materials, respectively. Metal elements in them were leached out with sulfuric acid (as the active components of the catalysts), co-precipitated with NaOH, and then two types of vanadium slag-type catalysts (CVS and CDVS) were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis for the catalytic combustion of toluene. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize and analyze the vanadium slag catalysts, including their elemental composition, textural property, surface morphology, and surface electronic environment. The results showed that the vanadium slag catalysts prepared by this method were mainly iron-containing oxides with a well-developed mesoporous structure. The specific surface area of CVS (derived from VS) was up to 190 m²/g, with a narrow pore size distribution and a pore volume of 0.33 cm³/g. CVS had a stronger adsorption capacity for oxygen species on its surface, which contributed to its good catalytic activity for toluene, with T₅₀ and T₉₀ of 202°C and 246°C, respectively.

Research on Low-Carbon, Green and High-Quality Development of Prefecture-Level Cities in Henan Province Based on LCGH Model from the Perspective of Carbon Neutrality

LI Lijuan, LI Shuangcheng

2025, 61(5):  937-946.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.060

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Based on the output and energy consumption data of major industrial products in Henan Province (especially those related to coal), referring to the carbon emission guidelines of the IPCC and combining with multiple linear regression analysis, a carbon emission regression model for Henan Province was constructed. Factor analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0 software to calculate the scores of high-quality development of prefecture-level cities, and a low-carbon, green and high-quality development model was established to explore the key driving factors affecting the high-quality development of prefecture-level cities. The following results were obtained. 1) Carbon emissions in Henan Province mainly come from production, transportation, construction and daily life. The eastern, northern and central regions of Henan are the main carbon sources, while carbon sinks are mainly concentrated in forest land and cultivated land, which makes the carbon sink storage in the western and southern regions of Henan relatively high. 2) The level of low-carbon, green and high-quality development in Henan Province is on the rise, with significant spatial differences in the calculated scores. Specifically, Zhengzhou City (253), Nanyang City (53) and Luoyang City (49) rank the top three. 3) Zhoukou City has a relatively high score (21) for low-carbon, green and high-quality development, but its total carbon emissions are relatively low (4.28×10⁶ t), and its carbon emissions per unit of energy are relatively high. It belongs to an industrial factor-driven development model. Pingdingshan City has a relatively low score (–25) in low-carbon, green and high-quality development, a high total carbon emission (1.16×10⁷ t), and a high carbon emission per unit of population. It belongs to a development model driven by population factors. 4) To promote high-quality regional development and provide a favorable external development environment, Henan Province should optimize the industrial structure, adjust the energy consumption structure, promote balanced regional development, optimize the industrial layout and improve the ecological compensation mechanism. 

Observation and Study on Dust Effect of Shelterbelt in Northwest Shanxi Province

YAN Bing, ZHANG Jieming, SUN Libo, NING Xiaomei, YU Jinyanan, CUI Yue, FAN Mingyuan, LI Zhixue, CHANG Xiaomin

2025, 61(5):  947-953.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.082

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By taking different types of shelterbelt (Populus simonii forest, Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. × Populus simonii forest) as research objects, adopting sample site survey and semi-fixed observation methods, and by comparing with Caragana forest, grassland and farmland, this paper explores the characteristics of wind erosion and the diffusion law of PM₁, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ caused by wind erosion, so as to quantify the relationship between wind erosion inhibition rate and particulate matter reduction rate of shelterbelt. The results show that Caragana forest and grassland have better ability to inhibit soil sand formation. Populus simonii forest, Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. × Populus simonii forest have significant effects on arresting particulate matter. The concentration of PM₁₀ increases first and then decreases in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest and Populus simonii forest, but decreases slowly in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. × Populus simonii forest. There is a nonlinear relationship between wind erosion inhibition rate and particulate matter reduction rate of shelterbelts with different vegetation types, and the fitting relationship between them is the best in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest. Different vegetation types have different functions in inhibiting soil wind erosion and arresting particulate matter, among which Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest has the best comprehensive protection.

Spatial-Temporal Pattern Evolution and Leading Factors of Farmland Abandonment in China from 2000 to 2020

ZHANG Hao, CHEN Qiqi, MENG Jijun

2025, 61(5):  954-966.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.049

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This paper constructed a dataset of China’s abandoned farmland from 2000 to 2020, and analyzed the evolution characteristics and leading factors of the spatial pattern. The findings are as follows. 1) From 2000 to 2020, the abandoned area and abandonment rate showed a continuous growth trend, with the abandoned area increasing from 255.96×10⁴ hm² to 3113.03×10⁴ hm², and the abandonment rate increasing from 1.29% to 14.08%. The areas with a higher abandonment rate were concentrated in the west side of the Hu Line. 2) There was a significant spatial autocorrelation of farmland abandonment. The “high-high” agglomeration area continued to expand and was concentrated on both sides of the Hu Line, while the “low-low” agglomeration area was mainly distributed in the eastern plain area. Meanwhile, as the abandonment rate continued to rise, a phenomenon of polarization emerged within agricultural regions. 3) In 2020, five factors, including soil type, population density, elevation, rural population proportion and geomorphic type, had strong explanatory power to the spatial differentiation of farmland abandonment. The results of two-factor detection showed nonlinear or double-factor enhancement, and the synergistic driving effect within the natural environmental factor group was stronger. On the basis of natural environmental factors, the explanatory power of socio-economic factors was obviously enhanced.

Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Coupling and Coordination in the Population-Resources-Economy-Ecology (PREE) System of China’s Southwest Mountain Canyon Area

YAO Hui, WU Xiuqin

2025, 61(5):  967-975.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.071

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This paper constructed an evaluation index system for the Population-Resource-Economy-Ecology (PREE) system in the mountain canyon area of Southwest China, and analyzed the current situation, changing characteristics, and influencing factors of the coupling and coordination development of PREE system from 2000 to 2021 by using the entropy weight method, coupling coordination degree model and obstacle degree model. The results show that: 1) The coordination level of PREE system showed a fluctuating upward trend, with its coupling coordination level continuously optimizing (from mild imbalance to moderate coordination). 2) The coordinated development level of PREE system tended to be coordinated, and the distribution characteristics changed from “high in the west and low in the east” to “high in the east and low in the west”. 3) Education, terrain conditions, population size and air pollution are the main obstacle factors restricting the coupling and coordinated development of the PREE system in the Southwest mountain canyon area.

Spatial Simulation of Agricultural Land Use Change Based on Agent-Based Model: A Case Study of Tongdu Town, Dongchuan District in Kunming City

YANG Weishi, DAI Erfu, WU Jiansheng, ZHANG Hui, XING Zhaoting, FAN Fan, WANG Hongliang, GUAN Yufeng, CHEN Feng, CHEN Minglei

2025, 61(5):  976-986.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.073

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This study focuses on Tongdu Town in Dongchuan District, Kunming City, and constructs a model for agricultural land use change based on human-environment interactions using an agent-based model. By utilizing census data, geographical environmental data, and field survey data, the study simulates the spatially distinct processes of agricultural labor, annual income of farming households, and agricultural land use changes in Tongdu Town from 2010 to 2015. The result shows that changes in agricultural land use are strongly correlated with labor, household income, and slope, but less so with soil fertility. Approximately 63.35% of agricultural land use changes occurred among low-income farming households, particularly the conversion of farmland to grassland — 87.60% of this specific conversion took place in low-income households. The transition from farmland to forest predominantly occurred in areas with relatively higher population densities and steeper slopes. The simulation model demonstrated excellent performance, with a spatial accuracy of 92.23%. The method developed for simulating agricultural land use changes in this study can offer valuable references for other regions, and thus provide scientific support for the implementation of ecological conservation, rural revitalization, and other related projects in China.

Simulation Study on the Water Conservation Potential of College Based on Mixed Strategies

YOU Mengyuan, ZHU Yongnan, ZHAO Yong, LAN Feng, LIU Yang, QIN Changhai, SHI Linrui

2025, 61(5):  987-998.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.022

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Taking colleges, the large users of public domestic water, as an example, the research quantifies the impact of water management on students’ water consumption patterns, builds a water conservation potential model for colleges and simulates the water consumption scenarios, water conservation effects and costs of college students under single and mixed strategies, through a nationwide questionnaire survey and analysis. The research results reveal that the average water consumption of college students in China is 122.7 L/d, and northern colleges are more concerned with real-time transparency of water management, with a 16% higher usage rate of IC cards for charging than that in the southern colleges. Under the current management, the average water consumption per student in the north is 36% less than that of students in the south. The research further established a chain of functions: “faucet-level appliance water conservation→influences habits management→water conservation awareness enhancement→ end- use of water quality recycling”, and the simulation of multiple strategies indicates that the water conservation potential of college students is about 17% to 24%. This study provides data support and scientific evidence for college water management and efficient use of water resources in Chinese universities.

Safety Management of Clean Energy Projects from the Perspective of Partnering

PENG Yingzheng, YANG Zuobin, LU Junjun, MENG Xiangxin, TANG Wenzhe

2025, 61(5):  999-1010.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.080

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The causes of safety accidents in clean energy projects are complex and it is difficult to rely on a single organization to effectively solve safety problems. In this regard, this paper proposes a theoretical model of clean energy project safety management based on partnering to make full use of the resources of all parties to strengthen safety management. Model verification results conducted based on survey data reveal the interaction mechanism between clean energy project partnering, safety production standardization and project safety performance. Clean energy project stakeholder partnering helps improve safety systems, strengthen personnel management, and enhance digital management, thereby promoting the standardization of project safety production and improving project safety performance. 

Characteristics of Soil Multifunctionality and Its Influencing Factors in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantations

LI Dandan, ZHAO Peishan, GAO Guanglei, DING Guodong, ZHANG Ying, REN Yue

2025, 61(5):  1011-1021.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.079

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This paper sampled the soils of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantations in the Hulunbuir, the Horqin and the Mu Us Deserts. Combining field survey and molecular biology methods, this study analyzed the diversity of soil fungal communities by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, and soil multifunctionality was calculated by the Z-score method as well as its influencing factors. The results indicated that 1) Soil organic carbon and hydrolyzable nitrogen of P. sylvestris plantations showed significant differences (Hulunbuir Desert> Horqin Desert> Mu Us Desert, P<0.05). Soil available cobalt in the Mu Us Desert was significantly higher than those in the Hulunbuir and the Horqin Deserts, while the soil available copper, available iron and available manganese were opposite (P<0.05). The soil multifunctionality of P. sylvestris plantations showed significant differences (Horqin Desert > Hulunbuir Desert > Mu Us Desert, P<0.05). 2) The species diversity of soil fungi in the Horqin Desert was the highest, Chao 1 and species richness index were significantly higher than those in the Hulunbuir and the Mu Us Deserts, and Shannon index was significantly higher than that in the Mu Us Desert (P<0.05). The phylogenetic diversity index of soil fungi in the Horqin Desert was the highest, which was significantly higher than that in the Hulunbuir and the Mu Us Deserts (P<0.05). Soil pH of P. sylvestris plantations showed significant differences (Mu Us Desert > Hulunbuir Desert> Horqin Desert, P<0.05); the soil electrical conductivity and soil moisture content in the Mu Us Desert were significantly higher than those in the other two deserts (P<0.05). The soil temperature in Hulunbuir Desert was significantly higher than those in the other two deserts (P<0.05). 3) The random forest model showed that altitude, longitude, latitude, pH, soil temperature, fungal Shannon index and species richness were important predictors for identifying soil multifunctionality, with an explanation of 83.68%. Geospatial factors had extremely significant positive effects on soil factors and soil multifunctionality (P<0.001), soil factors had significant negative effects on soil multifunctionality (P<0.05), and soil fungal diversity index had no significant effect on soil multifunctionality (P>0.05). The soil multifunctionality of P. sylvestris plantations in the Horqin Desert was the highest, and its soil ecosystem was more stable. Soil fungal diversity and abiotic factors drove soil multifunctionality of P. sylvestris plantations, but abiotic factors were more important than biotic factors. These results provide a better understanding of soil multifunctional characteristics of P. sylvestris plantations from the perspective of biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the rational utilization and scientific management of P. sylvestris plantations ecosystem.