This paper examines the working conditions and advantages of artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence (HI) concerning task input, processing, output, and constraints, leading to the identification of eleven AI-HI task characteristics. Based on these characteristics, we develop four AI-HI indices: AI Usability Index, AI Superiority Index, HI Superiority Index, and HI Safety Index. These indices inform a proposed typology of four task types: AI Non-Usable, AI Superior, AI-HI Collaborative, and HI Superior. This framework underpins a novel AI-HI task characteristic-classification model. Finally, taking accounting tasks as a case, the model is applied to analyze nineteen core accounting tasks, and assess their AI-HI characteristics, indices, and resultant classifications. The result can provide a rigorous analysis of the division of labor and substitution between AI and HI, offering a theoretical foundation for a transition from adversarial to symbiotic collaboration.

A guided wave damage identification method based on the deep learning target detection algorithm is proposed. According to the wave number variation characteristics at the local damage of the structure, the image recognition algorithm is used to detect the full-field wave field images of the structure, thereby achieving damage location and identification. In the process of acquiring training image samples, a series of numerical models of aluminum plates with blind-hole damages at different positions are established, and through multi-frequency excitation, the steady-state wave field images of the structure are obtained, and the sample database is expanded by means of image enhancement technology. YOLOv5s network is selected for model training, and detection is performed on the time-domain guided wave fields of the simulation model and the experimental structure respectively. The results show that when the guided wave propagates through the damaged area, the guided wave field exhibits local distortion at the damage location, and the damage detection box is consistent with the actual damage characteristics of the structure, therefore, the target detection algorithm can avoid the image features of the excitation points and effectively capture the image features of blind-hole damages.

In order to solve the problem of difficult theoretical modeling caused by complex threaded contact in the assembly and tightening process of bolted joint structure, a refined modeling method is proposed. Through the assembly torque model, the relationship between tightening torque and preload is obtained. According to the tensile and torsional equilibrium analysis of the bolt during the tightening process, the differential equations of tension and torsion of the bolt are acquired. Combined with the small deformation conditions and boundary conditions of the bolt and nut thread contact points during the tightening process, a complete stress distribution model is obtained. For the analytical model requirement in forward design, the analytical solution for bolt load and deformation distribution is obtained under the small deformation assumption and unchanged initial configuration, and a simplified analytical solution is further deduced. By simulating the stress distribution during tightening process, the screw load and displacement distribution curves under the specified torque are obtained. Comparison reveals that the numerical solution results are highly consistent with the analytical solution, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the forward design of fasteners. 

To address the limitations of flanges with bolted joints systems in the preliminary selection, layout optimization, response analysis, and safety assessment, a forward design method oriented to high performance and complex service conditions is proposed. Design criteria and an optimization method for the layout of bolted joints are established. Based on the load extraction technique, a high-accuracy mechanical model for the load-bearing behavior of a single bolted joint is developed. An improved safety standard for the stress and strength verification of a high-strength bolted joint is proposed and a complete and efficient forward design system is established. The proposed method is validated through numerical examples. The results demonstrate that the developed forward design framework can effectively avoid over-design and under-design, enabling a full-process forward design of flange bolted joint systems from preliminary configuration design and local load-bearing verification to overall reliability assessment.

To improve the frontal crash safety of occupants with different seat orientations in autonomous vehicles, an occupant protection strategy is proposed. Occupants with non-standard seat orientations are actively rotated to the standard seat orientation (0° direction) before a frontal collision occurs. By changing the force direction on the occupant, the protection strategy converts the frontal collision form into the standard frontal collision form, thereby reducing injuries by using airbags. Then, a simplified sled model with seat orientations of ±45° and ±90° was established based on a Honda Accord vehicle model. By comparing the kinematic responses and injury risks of occupants with and without the protection strategy, it can be concluded: 1) The traditional three-point seatbelt restraint system cannot effectively limit the occupant’s diagonal and lateral displacement, leading to a higher risk of “secondary collision” injuries. 2) Under the combined restraint of the leg baffle and seatbelt, the seat completes a rotational angle of ±45° within 200 ms and ±90° within 300 ms. In the simulation test, the occupants with protection strategy can be effectively restrained on the seat without any loss of control in their posture. The risk of “secondary collision” injury is minimal, and there is also a low risk of additional damage to the head, neck, and chest of occupants. Therefore, the effectiveness of the protection strategy of actively rotating seat orientation to face the airbag directly is verified.

To enhance the network performance of distributed application systems, we propose an acceleration framework NetDSH for distributed search based on a programmable data plane. NetDSH optimizes the storage and data processing capabilities of the programmable data plane by leveraging a custom protocol, a Top-K insertion method, and a T-update strategy to efficiently and accurately filter out low-quality candidate answers, thereby improving network transmission efficiency. We evaluate NetDSH on the testbed using four benchmark datasets inclouding SIF1M, SIF1B, SPACE1B, and Random. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with conventional distributed search systems, namely TLSH and NetSHa, NetDSH reduces the number of transmitted packets to 1/3 of the original volume while achieving a 3.2× improvement in system retrieval performance. 

When the variation range of attribute independent variables is large in the Multinomial Logit (MNL) model, using the point elasticity value at the original value of the attribute independent variable to approximate the actual elasticity leads to a non-negligible first-order remainder error in the predicted change range of the choice probability. To address this issue, the first-order Lagrange remainder of the actual elasticity is derived based on the first-order Taylor formula of the mode choice probability function, and the maximum value and the extremum point of the absolute value of the first-order remainder are obtained. Then, given the error limit of the remainder-point elasticity ratio, within the neighborhood of the original value of the attribute independent variable, with the constraint that the upper limit of the absolute value of the first-order remainder-point elasticity ratio does not exceed the error limit, the analytical form of the applicable neighborhood for predicting the change range of the choice probability is systematically derived when using the own- and cross-point elasticity values to approximate the actual elasticity, which fully ensures the prediction accuracy of the change range of the choice probability. Finally, through numerical experiments, by taking three alternative modes of bus, car, and bicycle, and by using the bus fare as the attribute independent variable, the correctness of the theoretical derivation of the applicable neighborhood is verified.

In response to the challenges of complex terrain, widely distributed task points, and low efficiency in task allocation and path planning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) power inspection tasks in large mountainous areas, a hybrid optimization algorithm based on the black-winged kite and Arctic puffin optimizer (HBAO) is proposed, which can coordinate task allocation and path planning of UAV. First, an optimization objective function is established based on constraints such as total flight distance, average flight altitude, and terrain threats. Next, an improved distance-weighted random step size search strategy is employed to enhance the predation phase of the Black-winged Kite Algorithm, strengthening the algorithm’s global search capability. Then, a Fitness and Distance-Based (FDB) strategy for optimal individual selection is introduced to improve the global search efficiency and optimization accuracy of the Black-winged Kite Algorithm during the migration phase. Finally, the cooperative hunting mechanism of the Arctic Puffin Algorithm is incorporated, allowing for individual collaboration in updating positions, which can effectively enhance the algorithm’s ability to escape from local optima and ensures diversity and efficiency in global search. Simulations conducted using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the Qinling Mountains demonstrate that, in scenarios with numerous inspection task points, the overall performance of the proposed HBAO outperforms that of six comparison algorithms, significantly reducing global costs.

Based on field outcrop observations and microscopic thin section analysis, the microfacies types, microfacies associations, and the evolution of sedimentary environments controlled by relative sea-level changes of the oil and gas reservoirs in the western Ordos Basin are studied. The results show that 13 types of microfacies (MF) can be identified in the Middle-Upper Cambrian of the study area, including argillaceous limestone MF, micritic limestone MF, bioclastic wackstone MF, bioclastic packstone MF, wormkalk, oolitic grainstone MF, intraclastic grainstone MF, intraclastic-bioclastic grainstone MF, mictric-fine crystalline dolomite MF, fine-medium crystalline dolomite MF, argillaceous dolomite MF, mudstone MF, and shale MF. The spatial distribution characteristics of microfacies indicate that this set of carbonate rocks has seven types of microfacies associations, representing restricted platform muddy dolomite flats (MA1), restricted platform dolomite flats (MA2), open platform intra-platform shoals (MA3), open platform inter-shoal sea (MA4), platform margin shoals (MA5), upper slope (MA6), and lower slope facies belts (MA7). From bottom to top, the Middle-Upper Cambrian in the study area successively develops MA5, MA6, MA7, MA3, MA4, MA1, and MA2, which correspond to the platform margin shoals, upper slope, lower slope, open platform intra-platform shoals, inter-shoal sea, restricted platform muddy dolomite flats, and dolomite flats. This sequence indicates that the sedimentary environment becomes more restricted vertically from bottom to top, with the water body becoming shallower. Laterally, the sedimentary environment transitions from slope to platform margin, then to open platform, and finally to restricted platform from west to east, representing a change from deep water to shallow water with a gradual increase in water energy. The sedimentary environment changes revealed by microfacies are jointly controlled by relative sea-level fluctuations and tectonic movements: the sedimentary period of the Zhangxia Formation was mainly controlled by sea-level changes, characterized by sea-level rise. The sedimentary period of the Sanshanzi Formation was controlled by both sea-level changes and tectonic movements. The tectonic uplift in the southwestern part of the basin gradually intensified, leading to a significant drop in relative sea level, thus forming the sedimentary environment transition from slope to platform margin, open platform, and restricted platform from bottom to top. 

This study applies confocal Raman microscopy to conduct 3D imaging of methane-bearing fluid inclusions in eclogites from the Chinese Western Tianshan high-pressure/ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt, precisely delineating the morphology and spatial distribution of distinct phases. Based on the imaging data, ImageJ software was employed to perform volumetric quantification and mass calculations of the inclusion components. We present a comprehensive practical guide encompassing instrument operation, data processing, parameter optimization, and quantitative calculation workflows. These protocols offer a valuable resource for researchers investigating 3D Raman quantitative methods, thereby facilitating the acquisition of precise quantitative data in geological fluid research.

Four natural sedimentary profiles (with a length of approximately 4.5 m and an age of around 10.0 kaBP) were selected in the vicinity of the southern section of the western city wall of Zhongdu of the Jin Dynasty, the earliest capital of Beijing. Sediment optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) ¹⁴C dating and grain size analysis were conducted on the profiles. The results show that the sedimentary facies in this area can be divided into three hierarchical levels: the first-order alluvial plain facies, the second-order riverbed subfacies and floodplain subfacies, as well as six types of third-order microfacies including riverbed, distributary channels, point bars, floodplains, flooded lands and low-lying lands. The geomorphic evolution of the area is divided into the following stages: the development stage of the ancient Leishui River before approximately 7.0 kaBP, the branching channel development stage within the paleochannel from 7.0 to 6.0 kaBP, point bars and river floodplains development stage from 6.0 to 4.5 kaBP, and the flooded land and low-lying land development stage from 4.5 to 2.5 kaBP. A sand lens with an age of about 0.9 kaBP is present in the central part of the area, which is inferred to be the sediment of the moat of Zhongdu of the Jin Dynasty.

Field tracer tests indicate that the effective matrix diffusion coefficient of fractured media increases with the increase of observation scale. To understand the mechanisms of this phenomenon, a 3D fracture-matrix model considering a horizontal fracture as well as the damage zone around the fracture is developed. The effect of the damage zone properties, including width, porosity and permeability, on the effective matrix diffusion coefficient is analyzed through a series of solute transport simulations. The results show that when the damage zone has a larger thickness and porosity, more solute enters the rock matrix, which leads to an increase in the measured effective matrix diffusion coefficient. For natural fractures, the permeability and porosity of damage zone increase with the decrease of the distance from the fracture surface. With the increase of fracture scale, the thickness, permeability and porosity of the damage zone increase. The simulation results of different observation scales show that a positive relationship exists between the scale factor of the effective matrix diffusion coefficient and observation scale. This study interprets part of the mechanism of the scale dependence of the coefficient and contributes to the understanding of the solute transport process in complex fracture-matrix systems.

This paper takes Yunnan Province as the research object, and uses the coupling coordination degree model, natural discontinuity classification method, kernel density estimation, and Dagum Gini coefficient method to explore the spatial-temporal pattern and differences of coupling coordination characteristics between inbound tourism and regional economy. On this basis, the Stochastic Forest regression model is used to identify the dominant factors affecting the coordinated development level of inbound tourism, regional economy and the coupling of inbound tourism and regional economy in Yunnan Province. The coupling coordinated development level between inbound tourism and regional economy of cities in Yunnan Province continues to improve as a whole, leaping to a higher level of coordinated development, but the spatial imbalance of regional development is prominent. Financial support for tourism, optimization of industrial structure, level of transportation, richness of tourism resources, richness of tourism facilities, atmosphere of business activities, and level of scientific and technological research and development are the leading factors affecting the coupling and coordinated development of inbound tourism and regional economy in Yunnan Province.

Adopting a genetic perspective and based on a GIS platform, this study integrates methods such as kernel density estimation, street distribution density analysis, bivariate spatial autocorrelation, and mean center analysis to investigate the formative processes and driving mechanisms behind the growth of guild halls in the Old City of Beijing during the Ming, Qing, and Republican periods. The findings reveal that: 1) The Ming dynasty represented the embryonic stage of guild hall development, the Qing dynasty the flourishing stage, and the Republican period the declining stage. 2) Guild halls were mostly established in areas characterized by concentrated literati activities, prosperous commerce, and frequent population mobility, with the highest concentrations observed in the Xianyukou area near Qianmen in the Ming dynasty, the Fayuan Temple area in Xuannan during the Qing dynasty, and the western Inner City during the Republican period. 3) New guild halls were mostly located along major streets or alleys close to main streets or waterways, with high concentrations in Gaomiao Hutong during the Ming dynasty, Chengxiang Hutong during the Qing dynasty, and Chenggen West Street and North Street in the Inner City during the Republican period. 4) There was a significant spatial correlation between the distribution of newly established literati guild halls and commercial guild halls during the Ming and Qing periods. Three types of clustering—high-high, high-low, and low-high—were observed. In the Ming dynasty, both types of guild halls formed a high-high cluster to the south of Zhengyangmen Gate while simultaneously spreading out to form high-low and low-high clusters. In the Qing dynasty, the high-high cluster expanded from Xianyukou, accompanied by the growth of high-low and low-high clusters. 5) The spatial center of guild halls shifted overall from east to west and from south to north. The migration pattern of literati guild hall centers aligned closely with the overall trend, while the centers of commercial guild halls moved only within the Qianmen area. 6) Four major factors, namely institutional policy, commodity economy, population mobility, and urban construction, interacted to shape the growth process and the cultural rise and decline of Beijing’s guild halls. These findings deepen the understanding of the stage-based dynamic evolution of the city’s historical spatial structure and highlight the potential of GIS for refined research on historic urban areas.

Taking Pingshan District of Shenzhen as an example, this study started from the relationship between supply and demand, combined with mobile phone signaling and point of interest (POI) data, and used the Gaussian two-step mobile search method and p-median model to explore the accessibility and spatial optimization strategies of three types of medical facilities: general hospitals, community health centers and community clinics. The results showed that: 1) the overall spatial distribution of medical facilities in Pingshan District is “unbalanced”. The current medical facilities are mainly located in the central and northern areas of Pingshan District, and there are few in the south. 2) There is a mismatch between the accessibility of medical resources and the distribution of demand. General hospitals and community health centers are mostly distributed in the central area of Pingshan District, and the overall accessibility shows the distribution characteristics of Pingshan Street as the center and decreasing to the outer circle. Community clinics are concentrated in densely populated areas and have uneven accessibility. 3) The areas of high urgency are mostly distributed in Shatian, Tianxin, Biling, Longtian, Jiangling and Zhukeng communities, and the shortage of medical facilities in high‑urgency areas is more severe. 4) Based on the p-median model, the optimal location of three types of medical facilities is determined. The number of optimized grids for general hospitals, community health centers, and community clinics is 30, 32, and 66, respectively, with urgent needs reduced by 71.43%, 55.17%, and 97.06%. After optimization, the three types of medical facilities are evenly distributed across the district.

Based on the river networks extracted from digital elevation models (DEMs) at 30 m resolution, combined with the remote sensing data, the hierarchical rules of the structural and morphological characteristics of the 6th–7th order river networks in the middle and upper Yellow River basin were analyzed. The results show that the river networks of the middle and upper Yellow River sub-basins present significant self-similar characteristics in the range of 1–5 orders. The middle reaches of the Yellow River sub-basins have higher bifurcation ratio (R_B=4.83), river width ratio (R_W=2.13) and average river length (L=4.80 km), while the upper reaches of the Yellow River basin have higher density (D=1.25 km⁻¹). In terms of river network structure, aridity index, soil water content and vegetation coverage are the main factors affecting the river network structure in the middle of the Yellow River sub-basins, while the river network structure in the upper reaches of the Yellow River sub-basins are more related to the average slope of the basin and soil erodibility. Further analysis of four typical sub-basins in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin shows that although the typical sub-basins in the loess region have relatively higher sediment production capacity, their sediment transport capacities may be affected by the river network structure and channel morphology. This study reveals the role of river network structure and channel morphology as indicators of water and sediment transport characteristics, and emphasizes the necessity of differentiated river management measures for basins in the Yellow River basin with different underlying surface characteristics.

To fully understand the physical and chemical influencing mechanisms of the frequent low visibility (VIS) events at urban Chongqing in recent years, this study explores the crucial causes for low VIS in Chongqing mainly from the perspectives of chemical light extinction combined with aerosol hygroscopic growth by using the simultaneous meteorological data and PM_2.5 chemical compositions from 2015 to 2021. Results show that the VIS<10 km cases were mainly observed in autumn and winter, with over half number of the days. Nitrate gradually dominated over sulfate and organics to be the predominant secondary inorganic component of PM_2.5 in both seasons, and nitrate possessed the largest contribution to the total light extinction. Along with the visibility deterioration and the increase of relative humidity (RH), the light extinction contribution due to nitrate and its corresponding hygroscopic growth enhanced significantly. Accompanied with the marked decrease in PM_2.5 concentrations since 2018, nitrate on average occupied a higher mass fraction and light extinction contribution at the same visibility level in comparison to previous years, specifically under high RH conditions. The above highlights that the continuous control of nitrate and relevant precursors will be beneficial for the effective improvement of low visibility in autumn and winter at urban Chongqing, given the precondition of generally low anthropogenic emission levels in the future.

Based on the current development status of efficient rock crushing at home and abroad, the necessity of conducting research on its theory and technology is analyzed. The main advantages of nonlinear loads in rock crushing are introduced. The research progress of rock crushing under nonlinear loads is systematically analyzed in terms of nonlinear compression loading (uniaxial compression, Brazilian splitting and point load), impact loading (stress wave, mechanical impact and high-voltage electrical pulse) and vibration loading. This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of different loading methods for breaking. In response to the problems in current research on rock crushing under nonlinear loads, the key directions for future study are proposed, such as rock mechanics model construction, macro-fine-micro multi-scale exploration, composite loading methods, energy testing and calculation, and application of intelligent technology.

This review summarizes the research progress of pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties, elaborates on the photophysical mechanism of TADF-RTP dual-channel emission, and concludes the molecular design strategies including crystal engineering, host-guest interaction and polymer doping. It clarifies the approaches for regulating the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process and inhibiting triplet non-radiative decay, introduces the application examples in fields such as anti-counterfeiting, OLED devices and bioimaging, analyzes their performance advantages including low toxicity, long lifetime and high quantum yield, and presents the challenges and directions for future development.