Table of Content

20 January 2025, Volume 61 Issue 1

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Applying Multiomics Techniques to Study the Mechanism of Alginate Oligosaccharides Improving the Cold Resistance of Rice Seedlings

HE Yaqing, QIAN Xiangyu, YU Yuxuan, SUN Zhen, TANG Wenzhu

2025, 61(1):  1-13.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.082

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Nipponbare rice was selected as the research object, and the whole process of rice seedlings from normal growth to low temperature to recovery was simulated. In combination with the determination of physiological and biochemical indicators of rice seedlings, it was found that the application of alginic oligosaccharides not only improved the ability of rice seedlings to resist low temperature stress, but also improved root vitality and the activities of SOD, POD, CAT. At the same time, when rice seedlings are subjected to low temperature stress, alginate oligosaccharides could promote the production of soluble sugars and effectively inhibit the increase of malon-dialdehyde content in rice seedlings. Label-free quantification was used to identify and analyze differential proteins and metabolites and study their metabolic pathways. After GO annotation of differentially expressed proteins, the experimental group enriched more entries. The first 10 key pathways were obtained by KEGG enrichment. Metabolomic analysis of rice seedlings by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS showed that the main small molecule differential metabolites were amines, followed by carboxylic acids and alkaloids. Through multiomics analysis, the mechanism of alginate oligosaccharides in improving the cold resistance of rice seedlings was elucidated, which provided a scientific basis for understanding the defense mechanism of cold resistance of rice seedlings as well as the development and utilization of alginate oligosaccharides.

A Hybrid Slime Mould Genetic Algorithm Based on Spatial Attenuation Self-diffusion Mechanism

PAN Jiawen, ZHAI Weixin, GUO Zhou, HU Banshao, CHENG Chengqi, WU Caicong

2025, 61(1):  14-44.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.047

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According to the imbalance between exploration and exploitation, susceptibility to local optima, and low search efficiency of metaheuristic algorithms, a hybrid slime mould genetic algorithm based on spatial attenuation self-diffusion mechanism if presented. The algorithm uses genetic algorithm as the basic structure, and guides individuals to search in the solution space by recombining features through three operations: selection, crossover, and mutation. Firstly, it introduces oscillation-contraction mechanism with characteristics of both positive-negative feedback and random walking as crossover operators to enhance both global and local search capabilities. Secondly, a self-diffusion mechanism based on spatial decay is proposed as a mutation operator. This mechanism guides the diffusion motion using a spatial scale which decreases over the algorithm's lifecycle, promoting diversity in the early stages and effective exploration of neighborhood information in the later stages. Finally, a discriminative control strategy is introduced to adaptively adjust the algorithm's parameters based on the distribution deviation of the population fitness. This strategy helps balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the algorithm. To validate the algorithm's performance, experiments are conducted on two publicly available benchmark test sets: IEEE CEC2017 and IEEE CEC2021. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively balances exploration and exploitation capabilities and exhibits superior optimization performance compared with other 23 different types of algorithms.

Extraction and Analysis of Chinese-Tibetan New Words from News Texts

PANG Xian, CHEN Bo, ZHAO Xiaobing

2025, 61(1):  45-52.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.001

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This paper proposes an effective unsupervised extraction method for news text. Combined with the unsupervised TopWORDS algorithm and the word segmentation tool PKUSEG, and aided by the heuristic word extraction method, the annual new words are extracted from Chinese and Tibetan news texts. A total of 606 new words in Chinese and 664 new words in Tibetan are extracted for 2022. In terms of efficiency, this method reduces the workload of manual selection and significantly improves the efficiency of new words extraction. In terms of effect, compared with the 2022 Chinese new words published in the “Language Situation in China: 2023”, the new words extracted by this method have obvious advantages in terms of number and language. In addition, this paper aligns the Chinese and Tibetan new words. A case study is engaged from the perspective of the development and use of new words.

Tidal Current Characteristics and Response of Tidal Current to Typhoon on the West Side of Hainan Island by High Frequency Radars

CHEN Xi, YANG Fan, WEI Jun

2025, 61(1):  53-64.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.007

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Based on the surface flow field data from high-frequency radar on the west side of Hainan Island, harmonic analysis and some other methods were employed to investigate the tidal current characteristics and their seasonal variations in this region. The results show significant shallow-water tidal features, with the tidal currents predominantly diurnal. The northern part of the study area exhibits irregular diurnal tidal characteristics, while the southern part displays regular diurnal tidal patterns. The tidal current mainly follows a clockwise reciprocating motion, with the maximum potential tidal current velocity being stronger in the south region than that in the north region. Specifically, the maximum possible tidal current velocity is 1.2–1.8 m/s in the south and 0.25–1 m/s in the north. In addition, the impact of Typhoon “Koguma” on the tidal current was also calculated. The results indicate that the typhoon temporarily weakens the surface tidal current intensity, which generally recovers to normal intensity within seven days. Compared with semi-diurnal tides, this phenomenon is more pronounced in diurnal tides.

Analysis of Near-Surface Wind Field and Atmospheric Transport Characteristics in Taiyuan Region

LIU Shutong, CAO Zhijiong, CAI Xuhui, HU Xun, SONG Yu, KANG Ling

2025, 61(1):  65-76.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.005

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The characteristics of near-surface wind field and atmospheric transport in Taiyuan region were revealed using data from 57 ground-based meteorological stations and NCEP/FNL analysis data in 2017. The hourly near-surface wind field and daily transport trajectories were calculated employing the CALMET wind field diagnostic model and the trajectory calculation method. Based on the wind field and trajectory characteristics, the wind field can be classified into two distinct types: weather background type and local circulation type. Among these, the frequency of weather background type reaches 66.3%, while the local circulation type occurs with a frequency of 33.7%. The wind field associated with the local circulation type is characterized by pronounced day-night alternation of valley winds, whereas the weather background type undergoes significant changes in speed and direction within a day. The atmospheric transport trajectories originating from the urban area of Taiyuan exhibit notable seasonal variations in weather background type. The primary transport pathways include an eastward direction toward Shouyang along the southern valley, a southwestward trend following the basin terrain, and a northwestward path through the mountainous regions. Conversely, trajectories associated with the local circulation type are mostly confined to the city of Taiyuan and nearby mountains, resulting in a confined impact zone. Therefore, this condition is unfavorable for the diffusion of local air pollutants, making it susceptible to triggering pollution events.

Third-Order Cumulant to Perform Normal Moveout without Stretching Distortions

LIANG Shanglin, WANG Chunming, LI Yanmin, ZHANG Zheng, HU Tianyue, CUI Dong, HOU Sian, YAN Yixuan, HU Lianlian

2025, 61(1):  77-85.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.101

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Traditional normal moveout (NMO) method not only suffers from severe stretching distortion on shallow and far offset traces, but also is particularly sensitive to NMO velocity. Based on the latest reflection seismic interferometry, this paper introduces the third-order cumulant in NMO process to solve above-mentioned issues. The method expands the application scope and is a more universal expression of traditional seismic interferometry in theory. This article first provides a rigorous theoretical derivation, then tests and verifies its noise resistance using model data, and finally applies it to field data in western China. The results show that the proposed method solves the problem of stretching distortions in far offset gathers without the need of correction velocity, and has better noise suppression effect compared with other two methods.

Early Warning Optimization of Distributed Optical Fiber in Deformation Monitoring Based on Wavelet Denoising

ZHANG Yufang, YANG Zhongmin, LI Jian, REN Yi

2025, 61(1):  86-98.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.006

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A method for determining alarm thresholds based on noise data characteristics is proposed, and this threshold is applied to analyze the potential alarm distribution of single/total strain monitoring data on temporal and spatial scales. Firstly, simulation tests are conducted to verify the effectiveness of wavelet denoising. Then, distributed optical fibers with a length of kilometer are laid at the tunnel for strain monitoring. Wavelet transform is applied in denoising analysis of distributed fiber-optic monitoring data in the tunnel. The results show that wavelet denoising can effectively restore effective signals. The warning threshold determined based on the characteristics of noise data can identify risk monitoring points more efficiently and reduce the probability of invalid alarms to a large extent. Moreover, the two locations of tunnel damage discovered through manual investigation are consistent with the risk points obtained based on fiber optic monitoring data analysis, partially verifying the accuracy of the risk points. At the same time, combined with the analysis results of the monitoring data from the tunnel and slope borehole inclinometers, it is found that the tunnel and the existing slopes have overall continuous slow creep and local sudden changes, which are risky. Strengthening monitoring and taking further preventive measures to ensure the safety of line operations are suggested. This research provides further reference for the application of wavelet denoising to extract effective data from massive data in engineering monitoring and the application of distributed optical fiber in deformation monitoring and early warning of various types of rock and soil engineering. 

Spatiotemporal Patterns Mining for Urban Fire Hazards: A Case Study in Guangming District, Shenzhen

CHENG Chuyun, WU Lun, TIAN Yuan, LIAO Cong, ZHANG Jianxue, CAO Xiaocheng, DENG Yanglanduo, MA Ruiping

2025, 61(1):  99-110.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.085

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A spatiotemporal segmentation-based framework for mining the spatial and temporal laws associated to urban fire hazards using data obtained through urban grid management is proposed to address the urgent need for preventive measures in urban fire management and prevention. The framework processes spatial and temporal distribution patterns successively. Firstly, spatial distribution patterns of urban fire hazards under different spatial grid resolutions are explored to obtain collections of samples with similar spatially distributed patterns. Subsequently, coexistence patterns and lagging effects of the above-mentioned set of hazards are analyzed to delve into their possible spatio-temporal distribution patterns. Empirical research is conducted with nine typical fire hazard types in Guangming district, Shenzhen, as a case study. The research shows that there are four distinct groups of similarity combinations regarding the spatiotemporal distribution of fire hazards across various spatiotemporal scales. Further spatiotemporal similarity mining indicates the coexistence relationship among hazards, with some hazards exhibiting lagging impact relationships. It can be concluded that the proposed framework is feasible for analyzing and mining spatiotemporal distribution similarity patterns of urban fire hazards. The resulting analytical conclusions of urban fire hazards coexistence, spatiotemporal similarity, and lag effects may provide substantial support for urban fire prevention tasks as well as for other similar studies.

Comparison of Atmospheric Correction Methods for InSAR Interferograms of Sentinel-1 Satellite: Taking the Central Tibet as an Example

FAN Wenzhi, WANG Teng

2025, 61(1):  111-120.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.122

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In order to evaluate the applicability of different atmospheric correction methods to the deformation rate of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology, especially in the time series deformation calculation, the principles of two typical InSAR atmospheric correction methods, namely the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR (GACOS) and common-scene-stacking, are introduced. Taking the central Tibet as the study area, the two methods are applied to the atmospheric correction of InSAR interferograms to evaluate their performance in time series. The atmospheric correction effect on long-term baseline interferograms of more than one year is presented, and finally, the equivalent cumulative deformations in central Tibet are derived. The results show that for a single interferogram, the atmospheric correction effect of the common-scene-stacking method is significantly better than that of GACOS with unstable results, and the common-scene-stacking method can reduce the standard deviation by more than 60%. In terms of time series, the atmospheric delay trends provided by the two methods are similar, but the specific values differ greatly. GACOS can improve the time series results of InSAR. It is recommended to choose one or a combination of the two methods according to actual needs, based on their advantages and disadvantages.

Phase Transitions and Elastic Properties of NH₄Cl at High Pressures

ZHANG Jingyi, HUANG Shengxuan, QIN Shan

2025, 61(1):  121-129.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.086

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Synchrotron radiation single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze natural ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) under high pressure. The results show that NH₄Cl transforms from phase IV (space group ) to phase V (space group P4/nmm) at 13.6 GPa. The parameters of the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state are determined with K₀=24.9(1) GPa, V₀=56.4(1) ų, K₀′=5.5 for phase IV, and K₀=35(25) GPa, V₀=110(11) ų, K₀′=3.8(13) for phase V. The Raman spectrum of NH₄Cl shows new peaks and discontinuity at 13.7 GPa, and the Raman shift are linearly related to pressure. dν_i/dP and Grüneissen parameters for each vibration of phase IV and V are obtained. The infrared spectrum of N—H vibration split at 11.7–14.8 GPa. The transition pressures from phase IV to V of NH₄Cl, NH₄Br and NH₄I decrease in turn, which are inversely proportional to the anion radius. 

Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk of 20 Phthalate Esters in Water from Guanlan River Basin

DONG Yanran, ZHANG Yanli, ZHU Youchang, CUI Sihan, LI Dianbao, XU Nan

2025, 61(1):  130-138.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.080

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Taking the Guanlan River in Shenzhen as an example, this study investigated the pollution level, spatiotemporal distribution, sources, and ecological risks of 20 phthalate esters (PAEs) in river water. It was found that in 2021, the concentrations of the 20 PAEs (Σ₂₀PAEs) ranged from 30.29–9755.87 ng/L with an average of 2550.73 ng/L in the dry season (DS) and 359.87–27247.01 ng/L with an average of 5262.87 ng/L in the wet season (WS), respectively, being higher in the WS than those in the DS. The Σ₂₀PAEs in the water of the Guanlan River were significantly lower in the main stream than those in the tributaries (p < 0.05). Moreover, their pollution was more serious downstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) than upstream. The contents of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) were the highest in the DS and WS, respectively. The proportion of DEHP was significantly higher downstream of WWTPs than upstream (p < 0.05). Source analysis indicated that PAEs in the Guanlan River originated from diverse sources such as plastics, cosmetics, and personal care products. The ecological risk assessment revealed that PAEs posed the greatest risk to algae. The risk quotients (RQs) of most samples were greater than 1, indicating a high ecological risk of PAEs in the Guanlan River. Among them, DEHP should be given special attention.

Evaluation on Sustainability of Land and Water Resources in Karst Area for Sustainable Development Goals: A Case Study of Guizhou Province

ZHANG Hao, MENG Jijun

2025, 61(1):  139-152.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.083

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Based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper proposed a sustainability assessment method, taking Guizhou as an example, to analyze the change characteristics and driving factors of land and water resources sustainability. The findings are as follows. 1) From 2005 to 2020, the sustainability index of land and water resources continued to rise, showing a pattern of “high in the east and low in the west” at the county scale. 2) The change process of the sustainability index of the four sub-targets was different, and the coordination degree presented four changing trends: continuous decline, first decline and then rise, first rise and then fall, and continuous rise. 3) The potential index of water resources and ecological land showed a pattern of “high in the east and low in the west”. The potential index of agricultural land continued to decline, and the potential index of construction land continued to rise. 4) The driving effect of the factors “area under the control of rocky desertification” and “proportion of output value of the tertiary industry” was the strongest. The closer the attributes of the driving factors were, the more obvious the synergistic driving effect was enhanced. Therefore, in karst areas, it is of great significance to carry out control of rocky desertification and improve industrial development level to promote regional sustainable development. 

How Does Digital Inclusive Finance Affect Energy Carbon Emission Efficiency in China? Analysis Based on Mediation Effect Model

ZENG Liang’en, XIE Dongying, CHEN Zhiyuan, YUAN Dandan, NIE Yang, HUAN Qi, YANG Le, LIANG Zhongqi

2025, 61(1):  153-165.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.096

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Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, this paper uses the Super-EBM-undesirable model to measure the energy carbon emission efficiency (ECEE). On the basis of analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of ECEE, the Tobit regression model and the mediation effect method are used to empirically test how digital inclusive finance (DIF) affects the ECEE. The main research results reveal that 1) the ECEE of China shows a fluctuating trend during the study period, with the highest point in 2013 (0.529), and the lowest point in 2021 (0.501). There are significant differences in ECEE among different regions, with the highest in the eastern region, followed by the central and the western regions, and the lowest in the northeast region. 2) According to the empirical research results, the DIF can significantly promote the improvement of ECEE; technological innovation and technological application play a significant intermediary role in the impact of DIF on ECEE. This conclusion is still valid after robustness tests. 3) As for the control variables, the development of infrastructure has a significant inhibitory effect on ECEE, while China’s openness to the outside world and economic urbanization have enormous promoting effects on ECEE. The research results could provide reference for formulating national digital finance related policies and establishing a financial support system for the strategy of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”. 

Positive Mental Health (PMH) Scale for Middle School Students: Structure and Measure

HAN Yang, YANG Yin, SHENTU Menglu, JING Yizhuo, LI Haiqi

2025, 61(1):  166-172.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.078

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From the perspectives of positively adaptive and developmental goals, this study aims to establish the structure of positive mental health for middle school students and develop the Positive Mental Health Scale for middle school students. Firstly, an initial entry pool was established by combining literature search and expert interviews. Then, a total of 1488 students from junior and senior high schools in a middle school in Sichuan Province were selected to complete the scale, and the collected data was submitted into the psychometric property analyses of the scale. The results showed that the formal scale contained 24 items belonging to 4 dimensions — interpersonal harmony, scholastic competence, self-control and self-fulfillment, and the scale showed a series of good psychometric indexes. It is concluded that the Positive Mental Health Scale for middle school students is qualified to be used as an effective tool to assess the mental health of Chinese middle school students, which will contribute to promoting the mental health of middle school students. This scale has theoretical and practical implications for future research in related fields.

Effect of Patient Expectations on Patient Trust in Physician-Patient Interaction Scenarios

LUO Yufei, CHEN Yidi

2025, 61(1):  173-180.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.098

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The study aimed to examine the effects of patient expectation on patient trust in physician-patient interaction scenarios from public and patient perspectives. Study 1 was based on the public perspective. Four groups of 12 physician-patient interaction scenarios were constructed to examine the effects of patients’ expectations on their trust. The study sample included 114 people (M=24 years, SD=7.25; 71 females). Study 2 was based on the patient perspective and included 50 patients (M=23.96 years, SD=6.51; 26 females) who needed wisdom teeth extraction. Two sets of patient-physician interaction scenarios were constructed, and the effect of whether expectations were met in terms of patient trust was explored. The results showed that 1) The main effect of conforming to expectations regarding patient trust was significant, but the main effect of high or low levels of patients’ expectations on patient trust was not significant. 2) No interaction between high/low expectations and whether to conform to expectations was found. 3) The effect of whether expectations regarding patients’ trust were met was significant in the group that required wisdom teeth extraction. Therefore, conforming to patients’ expectations plays an important role in establishing patient trust, and patients whose physicians conform to their expectations have greater trust in their physicians. In the future, healthcare professionals can interact and communicate more with patients, pay attention to their real needs and expectations, actively allocate healthcare resources to meet these needs, enhance patient satisfaction and trust, and establish a harmonious healthcare relationship.

An Overview of EMRI Data Analysis

ZOU Xiaobo, Soumya Mohanty, XIE Qunying, CHEN Xian, LUO Honggang, LIU Yuxiao, HAN Wenbiao, JIAO Jiageng, ZHANG Xuehao, ZHAO Shaodong, GUO Yiyang, WANG Hanzhi, JIN Shuzhu

2025, 61(1):  181-194.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2024.038

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The Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspiral (EMRI) refers to binary system with a mass ratio between 10⁴ and 10⁶, where the smaller object loses energy as it inspirals closer to a massive black hole, emitting gravitational waves. It is estimated that there are 10⁵ cycles during the last year before plunge, providing rich information on the evolution of gravitational wave phases. The motion of the smaller object in the strong gravitational field of the massive black hole can reflect the surrounding spacetime structure. The massive black hole is typically located at the center of a galaxy, in which the galaxy environment leaves traces in the EMRI waveform, thus EMRI can be used to constrain the gravitational theories, no-hair theorem and so on. Multiple sources can provide constraints on the mass and spin distribution of massive black holes, contributing to the understanding of cosmic and galactic evolution. Due to this significance, EMRI has become an important target for space gravitational wave missions such as LISA, Taiji, and TianQin. Consequently, the EMRI data analysis has become a crucial task. However, due to the high dimensionality and complexity of the waveform, relevant methods are still under discussion. This article initially reviews the framework and discussions regarding EMRI data analysis conducted during the Mock LISA Data Challenge (MLDC). It subsequently provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges encountered and the corresponding improvements proposed based on the authors’ research. Finally, the article offers some clues and suggestions regarding potential advancements in EMRI data analysis methods.