Based on the calculation method of First-Principles in DFT, the authors carry out the study of the properties of H2O molecules adsorbed on the KDP(100) surface. By topological analysis of the electron density. combining analysis methods such as Bader charge, electron density, electron density difference, electron localization function and other parameters, it is found that the best adsorption site for H2O molecules on KDP(100) surface is H-K bridge site where adsorption energy is –0.809 eV, indicating that the KDP(100) surface can absorb H2O molecules spontaneously. The oxygen atoms in H2O molecules form strong hydrogen bonds O—H...O_w involving covalent effect, with bond energy –18.88 kcal/mol.

 In order to explore the main controlling factors of uplift deformation of Longmenshan structural belt, based on the differences in the properties of lower crust material layer between the east and west sides of Longmenshan structural belt, three groups of PFC2D discrete element numerical simulation are carried out to realize quantitative analysis. The experimental deformation results and the model particle motion vector map show that under the condition of no obvious difference in the material properties of the lower crust, the existence of plate collision and compression stress and crustal thickness difference will not form a huge topographic elevation difference in the Longmenshan structural belt. When there are obvious differences in the viscosity coefficient of the lower crust, the relative value of the particle movement rate of the weak lower crust material layer is 1.5?2.94 m/s, and the average movement rate is 1.62 m/s, which is about 54 times of the average movement rate of the particles of the hard lower crust layer. Uplift deformation occurs in the middle of the model (Longmenshan structural belt), with a vertical influence range of 94.74% and a uplift amplitude of 19.85%. The particles of the middle crust and upper crust overlying the weak lower crust have a large upward velocity component, and the upward trend of the material layer of the upper crust is obvious. There is a 20 km thickness difference between Bayankala block and the crust of Sichuan Basin, which increases the uplift amplitude of Longmenshan structural belt from 14.79% to 19.85%. Based on the comprehensive analysis of three discrete element simulation experiments, it is concluded that the viscosity difference between the material layer of the lower crust of Bayan Kara block and the material layer of the underground block of Sichuan Basin is the most key control factor for the vertical uplift deformation of Longmenshan structural belt. On the premise that there are obvious differences in the viscosity structure of the lower crust, the crustal thickness differences between the Bayan Kara block and the Sichuan Basin significantly promote the vertical thrust uplift amplitude of the Longmenshan structural belt. 

A Transformer-based short-term landslide displacement prediction model is proposed by combining temporal convolutional network (TCN) with a Transformer decoder. This model takes the preprocessed displacement and rainfall sequences as input and outputs the displacement predictions for the next three days in a time-series autoregressive manner. The experimental results show that the model achieves higher prediction accuracy than support vector machine (SVM) and long short-term memory (LSTM), and performs particularly well during predicting rapid deformation periods. At the same time, through the analysis of the attention mechanism of the model, it is found that the model focuses on the peak of displacements and heavy rainfalls, indicating that the model is reasonably reliable.

 A simplified order-reduced sub-region model and the analysis method are proposed to analyze structural damage caused by local failure under sudden disasters. The method firstly divides a complex building into sub-regions. Secondly it evaluates the failure degree of sub-regions according to the state of internal components, then analyzes the failure process from macro regional perspective. Finally it summarizes the law of collapse evolution so as to provide guidance for emergency management. 

The accuracy of the existing word-based domain feature learning methods on domain discrimination is still low and the further research for domain feature learning is required. In order to improve domain discrimination and provide accurate translation, this paper proposes a word-based domain feature-sensitive learning mechanism, including 1) the context feature encoding at encoder side, to widen the study range of word-based domain features, introducing convolutional neural networks (CNN) in encoder for extracting features from word strings with different lengths in parallel as word context features; and 2) enhanced domain feature learning. A domain discriminator module based on multi-layer perceptions (MLP) is designed to enhance the learning ability of obtaining more accurate domain proportion from word context features and improve the accuracy of word domain discrimination. Experiments on English-Chinese task of UM-Corpus and English-French task of OPUS show that the average BLEU scores of the proposed method exceed the strong baseline by 0.82 and 1.06 respectively. The accuracy of domain discrimination is improved by 10.07% and 18.06% compared with the baseline. More studies illustrate that the improvements of average BLEU scores and accuracy of domain discrimation are contributed by the proposed word-based domain feature-sensitive learning mechanism.

A hydrological simulation model was developed for the Dashetai watershed in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with LSPC (Loading Simulation Program in C++). Two global sensitivity analysis (GSA) methods, Morris and Sobol, were applied to identify hydrological sensitive parameters and sensitive surface landuse types. The impacts of two GSA methods and model output measures on sensitivity analysis results were also evaluated. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) The model has a good fit for daily and monthly runoff simulation. The R² of the simulated value and the observed value is greater than 0.6, and NSE between them is greater than 0.5, which indicates that LSPC model is suitable for hydrological simulation of inland arid and semiarid areas. 2) The two GSA methods have impacts on the identification of sensitive parameters and the ranking of sensitive indexes; while the impact of the two measurement methods of MAE and MSE is mainly reflected in the identification of sensitive parameters. 3) The sensitive hydrological parameters are lower zone nominal storage (LZSN) and active groundwater evapotranspiration (AGWETP), and the sensitive underlying landuse types are grassland, farmland, forest and water. All have close relationships with precipitation and landuse types in the study area.

A hardware accelerator of object detection algorithm based on FPGA is designed to accelerate the computation of SSD object detection algorithm. Loop tiling and loop unrolling are used to optimize the loops of convolution and pooling, and can be re-configurated in any parallelism. In order to reduce data transmission time, feature maps are reorganized based on AXI, without any hardware resource overhead. After implementing the hardware accelerator to Xilinx ZCU development board, it can accelerate SSD at a performance of 534.72 GOPS, and the inference time is 113.81 ms.

In order to describe the lateral vibration of the landing gear caused by landing of launch vehicle, an equivalent model for the excitation of landing impact is proposed. In this model, the excitation is equivalent to the superposition of impact excitation and steady excitation. Secondly, the bending vibration modes of the landing gear are established by the assumed mode method, where the coupling term of the longitudinal deformation caused by transverse deformation is included in the expression of bending vibration. The dynamic response, excited by the landing impact, is solved by the mode superposition method, so as to obtain a semi-analytical solution for the problem. The real product experiments of vertical landing impact show that the proposed model is able to accurately describe the lateral vibration and maximum moment of the landing gear. Finally, we analyze how the parameters of the configuration and strength of materials affect the landing gear using the proposed model. The result can guide the parameter design of the landing gear in the engineering implementation.

Mineral composition and trace metal elements content of mangrove surface sediments were measured in Futian, Baguang, Shajing and Xixiang district in Shenzhen city. The mineralogical evaluation system was used to explore the relationship between mineral composition and trace metal enrichment. The results showed that the mineral composition of surface sediments of Shenzhen urban mangrove was mainly clay minerals and quartz and there were variation among sample sites. The trace metal pollution in Shajing mangrove was the most serious, followed by Xixiang mangrove and Futian mangrove, and Baguang mangrove was the least serious. The enrichment of trace metal was affected by human activities. The enrichment of trace metals was related to the mineral composition of sediments. Gypsum and clay minerals had stronger trace metal enrichment ability.

This study investigated the acoustic variation of songbirds’ vocalization during mobbing event in the sub-alpine forests using playback experiment and automatic acoustic recording (AAR). We played Glaucidium brodiei vocalization and Phylloscopus trochiloides alarm call to induce songbirds’ mobbing behavior and recorded their response vocalizations using automatic acoustic recorders in the Abies-Picea dark coniferous forest in Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, during the summer of 2021. Altogether 24 experiments were performed on 12 experiment sites, with a total length of 1057 min acoustic recordings, including 12 G. brodiei vocalization experiments, and 12 P. trochiloides alarm call experiments. A total of 28 species of birds belonging to 17 families and 3 orders were observed to participate in mobbing behavior. By analyzing the acoustic indexes of recordings, it was concluded that 1) both G. brodiei vocalization and P. trochiloides alarm call could trigger mobbing event, during which Phylloscopidae and Paridae species were the majority being involved; 2) during playback period, songbirds’ vocalizations are more intense (G. brodiei experiments: SPL_avg=−31.02±4.87 dB vs −42.74±4.68 dB, p = 0.001; P. trochiloides experiments: SPL_avg = −33.26±4.05 dB vs −46.38±4.54 dB, p = 0.001) and less complicated (G. brodiei experiments: H = 0.76±0.02 vs 0.80±0.03, p = 0.001; P. trochiloides experiments: H = 0.77±0.02 vs 0.82±0.02, p = 0.001) than that of pre-playback period; 3) the variability of acoustic indices from pre-playback to during-playback didn’t change significantly between G. brodiei experiments and P. trochiloides experiments. The results provide a new insight into avian behavior studies in the acoustic aspect, and novel behavioral application scenarios for large-scale soundscape monitoring data. 

The changing profiles of NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate (TP) were investigated in the A/O-MBR process at high and low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios. By elevating the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, there was an increase in the removal efficiency of TN from 44.1%±8.9% to 78.5%±7.9%, while the removal efficiency remained unchanged for TP. Metabolite analyses revealed that enhanced metabolism of amino acids contributed significantly to efficient nitrogen removal from wastewater and the up-regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis, further improving the water quality.

Hardware software cooperation is one of the effective methods for the design of mixed criticality system, which realize resource isolation by necessary hardware semantics, and ensure that different critical tasks meet time constraints based on efficient thread scheduling. Based on a fine-grained multithreaded processor FlexPRET, this paper designs and implements some temporal instruction extensions, and realizes relevant supports in the processor and compiler respectively, so that the program can describe the timing constraint semantics of the worst-case execution time. Experiments show that the extended instructions can provide users with more accurate timing control.

The success of mangrove afforestation depends on the selection and plantation of mangrove species, in which salinity and waterlogging are important factors. In this study, based on literature retrieval and meta-analysis, we evaluated the salt and waterlogging tolerance of five mangrove species commonly used in domestic afforestation projects. The results showed that Avicennia marina was the most tolerant to salinity and waterlogging, which could grow in extreme salinity (40‰) and long-term waterlogging (16 h/d) site. Meanwhile, Kandelia obovata and Aegiceras corniculatum had the ability to withstand salinity and waterlogging, which could adapt to moderate salinity (30‰) and short-term inundation (12 h/d) environment. While Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Sonneratia apetala were salt-sensitive, which grew better at low level of salinity (20‰) place, and the former could be planted in short-term immersion (12 h/d) area. When salinity or duration of immersion was out of the limit, compound stress would decrease the tolerance capabilities of mangroves. In the practical application of afforestation, A. marina, K. obovata and A. corniculatum were highly adaptable to aquatic environments with a high level of salinity and prolonged waterlogging, which were suitable afforestation species for mangrove wetland in southern China. This study also put forward the corresponding application strategies which contributes to the ecological restoration of mangroves in China.

In the past 20 years, mangroves have been strictly protected in China, and the area has been gradually restored through artificial afforestation. The authors reviewed the status of mangrove protection and restoration in China, summarized the problems of the present mangrove standards and proposed the existing problems, and put forward the countermeasures. The corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are as follows. 1) Develop a comprehensive technical standard plan for mangrove protection and ecological restoration in combination with the national carbon neutral strategy and mangrove protection and restoration planning goals, and speed up the introduction of national mangrove standards. 2) While compiling relevant standards for mangrove protection and restoration, attention should be paid to increase mangroves’ carbon sequestration capacity and carbon sinks. 3) Formulate standards for returning ponds to forests to fill the gaps in China. 4) Fully implement the ecological restoration principle of ‘natural restoration as the primary and artificial restoration as supplement’, and attach importance to strengthen the formulation of technical details of mangrove protection and restoration standards. 5) Mangrove professional research institutions and experts should deeply participate in the formulation and implementation of standards to improve the survival rate of afforestation.

Aiming at the problems in the current emergency management GIS systems integrated with atmospheric dispersion models, such as low spatio-temporal resolution and without 3D terrain, a set of three-dimensional gas diffusion simulation methods was proposed based on the CALPUFF model. The three-dimensional spatio-temporal distribution data of the gas diffusion concentration was obtained through multi-layer calculations, and the Marching Cubes visualization technology was used to read and display the data, achieving the dynamic gas diffusion effect in three-dimensional space. “12·23” Kaixian blowout accident was used as a case study and the simulation was carried out to compare with the actual situation in two and three dimensions. The results show that the three-dimensional calculation based on CALPUFF model has higher accuracy of the magnitude and spatial distribution of gas concentration, and the three dimensional spatio-temporal dynamic simulation has high resolution and reconstruction efficiency, achieving a good visual effect. It can better express the gas leakage process and diffusion pattern and provide an important auxiliary decision-making means for emergency management.

Using the seismic data of three underground nuclear tests and three nearby natural earthquakes, the focal seismic moment tensor is obtained by inversion, and the underground nuclear explosion is identified by matrix decomposition method. The results show that there are obvious explosion sources (EXP), compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) source and double couple (DC) source in the source of underground nuclear explosion earthquake. The physical mechanism of CLVD is medium rupture caused by explosion, which accounts for a large proportion of underground nuclear explosion sources. Compared with underground nuclear explosion, natural earthquake is generally shear dislocation mode, and DC accounts for a large proportion of its source.

Based on the continuous waveforms (2016?2019) of 20 portable broadband seismic stations and three local stations deployed in the middle section of Xiaojiang fault (XJF), the effectiveness of PALM (phase picking, association, location, and matched filter) was tested as an integrated event detection system, to perform automatic earthquake detection, positioning and matched-filter studies. A total of 4355 earthquakes were detected. In comparison with the catalog of the regional network, the number of events was augmented by 4.6 times, and the minimum magnitude of completeness (Mc) is reduced from M_L 1.3 to M_L 0.8. It shows that PALM technology can effectively and accurately detect and locate micro-earthquakes using dense seismic arrays, and improve the automation level and microseismic detection from continuous waveforms. Based on the obtained catalog rich in microseismic events, the result shows that the latest spatial distribution characteristics of seismic activity in the middle section of XJF zone. It shows that a large number of secondary faults are developed in XJF fault zone outside the main fault, and the trend along ENE-WSW, which reveals a possible hidden fault at the southern end of the study area, and detects dense clusters around the Chai Shi Tan Reservoir in Yiliang County Microearthquake activity.

Object detection algorithms based on deep learning use big models are difficult to be deployed at the edge. Taking YOLO (you only look once) object detection algorithm as an example, an acceleration module based on an ARM+FPGA heterogeneous platform is proposed. The FPGA chip accelerates the forward process of the compressed model while ARM is responsible for process scheduling. Experiment results show that the peak performance of the system reaches 425.8 GOP/s under 200 MHz working frequency. The system on a Xilinx ZCU102 board achieves a frame rate at 30.3 fps, while the power consumption is 3.56 W. It is also configurable.

VOCs concentrations based on offline sampling in Suzhou from July to October 2020 were monitored, and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, ozone formation potential (OFP) and sources of VOCs were conducted and compared with other studies in China. The results showed that the average concentration of VOCs in Suzhou in the summer is 47.1 nL/L, the average OFP is 334.7 μg/m³, and the aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated organics (OVOCs) are important components of VOCs in Suzhou and contribute a lot to ozone generation. The trends of VOCs concentration and composition in Suzhou are similar with those in Shanghai. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model results showed that six major sources of VOCs in Suzhou are liquefied petroleum gas volatilization sources (20.7%), solvent usage sources (19.5%) and industrial sources (17.5%), followed by other sources, vehicle exhaust emission sources and combustion sources, in which the contribution of liquefied petroleum gas volatilization sources is higher than the general level in Yangtze River Delta. The higher concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yangtze River Delta is related to the higher contribution of industrial and solvent uses. In general, aromatic hydrocarbons and OVOCs have a greater impact on the atmospheric environment of Suzhou. The main sources are surface coating, gas stations, traffic emission, petrochemical sources and electric heating sources, which should be mainly controlled. 

Based on the sea surface currents data of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) in March 2020 obtained from high frequency radar (HFR), the surface currents data from 907 densely distributed points were selected to analyze the characteristics of spatial-temporal variation. Harmonic analysis and some other methods were used to explore the characteristics of tidal currents. The results show that the irregular semidiurnal tide M2 is dominant in the sea area, and the shallow-water effect is significant. The dip angles of the main diurnal and semidiurnal tides are between 120° to 160°. The direction of maximum flow rate is WN-ES, which shows the trend of shore offshore flow. As the distance to the shoreline increases, the tidal current pattern coefficient and the effect of shallow water constituents coefficient gradually increase, and the offshore area in the south of the research area shows the characteristics of irregular diurnal tide. The ranges of probable maximum current velocity and measured maximum current velocity were 0.33 cm/s to 71.01 cm/s and 58.63 cm/s to 149.99 cm/s, respectively, with the upper-end values distributed in the northwest and south of the study area.