Table of Content

20 July 1995, Volume 31 Issue 4

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An Investigation into the Flavour Composition of Dunaliella Salina

CHEN Jiahua,LIN Zuming,JIN Sheng,XING Qiyi

1995, 31(4):  383-386. 

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37 volatile compositions in the alga, Dunaliella Salina grownin a salt lake in Xizang have been first time identified by GC/MS. The flavour of D.Salina due to β-ionone, was shown to be produced by oxidative degradation of β-carotene present in the alga.

Determination of Oxytetracycline Residue in Shrimps by Solid Phase Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatography

BU Yigong,ZHAO Tong,HOU Yanwen,Zhu Tao,LIU Huwei,SUN Yiliang

1995, 31(4):  415-421. 

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A shrimp sample was blended to small pieces and homogenized with 0.1 mol/L EDTA-McIlvaine buffer. The homogenates were centrifuged and sodium chloride was added into the supernatant to precipitate the proteins. After centrifugation and filtration, the filtrate was applied on the sep-pak C₁₈ cartridge. An aliquot of 25 micro-liter was injectedinto HPLC with CN bonded phase as column packings.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Sc(III) Complex of 1-Phenyl-3-Methyl-4-Benzoyl-Pyrazolone-5

ZHANG Yi,LI Biaoguo,JIN Tianzhu,HUANG Chunhui,XU Guangxian,HAN Yuzhen,LI Genpei

1995, 31(4):  387-393. 

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The complex Sc(PMBP)₃ has been synthsized, where HPMBP= 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazolone-5. Its crystal structure has been determined with a four-circle X-ray diffractometer. The crystal is triclinic with space group P1. The cell parameters are as follows: a=3.090(2)nm, b=1.2034(6)nm, c=1.2025(6)nm, α=86.64(4), β=81.13(5), γ=81.11(5)°, V=4.362(4)nm³, Z=4. In the crystal Sc(III)ion is coordinated by six oxygen atoms from three PMBP molecules, so that the coordination number of Sc(III)is six, froming an octahedron.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tetrabutyl Ammonium Hexaisothiocyanato Scandium [(C₄H₉)₄N]₃[Sc(NCS)₆]

LI Biaoguo,ZHANG Yi,JIN Tianzhu,HUANG Chunhui,XU Guangxian,HAN Yuzhen,SHI Nicheng

1995, 31(4):  394-399. 

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The complex of tetrabutyl ammonium hexaisothiocyanato scandium has been synthesized. he crystal structure of [(C₄H₉)₄N]₃[Sc(NCS)₆] has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques with a fourcircle diffractometer to a final R value of 0.094. The crystal is orthorhombic with spacegroup Pcab. The unit cell parameters are: a=2.464(2), b=2.462(2), c=2.465(1)nm; Z=8, Dc=1.052g/cm³. The scandium ion is coordinated by sixnitrogen atoms from six isothiocyanate groups to form a complex anion, in wich the nitrogen atoms take a distorted octahedron arrangement. The each anion is counterbalanced by three [(C₄H₉)₄N]⁺ cations in the outersphere of the complex through electrostatic attraction to form an ionic crystal.

The Synthesis and 2D NMR of Bis (2, 3, 3, 3-tertrachloropropyl) Ether

GAO Qiufeng,ZHOU Qingzhong

1995, 31(4):  400-404. 

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Bis (2, 3, 3, 3-tetrachloropropyl) ether was prepared with two different ways. The structure was determined by using NMR, IR, MS and element analysis. 2D NMR was used to illustrate the complex spectrum of1 H NMR. It was found that the ¹H NMR consists of two AMX systems and that the complexity of the spectrum of ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR is ascribed to the effect of the two chiral atoms and the blockage of the two trichloromethyl groups in the molecule.

Studied of Copolymerization of Acrylates with N-Arylmethacrylamides by ¹H-NMR Method

QI Daquan,DING Youjun

1995, 31(4):  405-414. 

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The copolymerizations of acrylates including: methyl acrylate(MA), methyl methacrylate(MMA), isobornyl methacrylate(IBMA) with different N-arylmethacrylamides including: N-Phenylmethacrylamide (N-PhMA), N-p-Tolylmethacrylamide (N-p-TMA), N-o-Tolylmethacrylamide (N-o-TMA), N-p-Bromophenylmethacrylamide (N-p-BrPhMA), N-p-Chlorophenylmethacrylamide (N-p-ClPhMA), N-p-Nitrophenylmethacrylamide (N-p-NPhMA), N-o-Nitrophenylme-thacrylamide (N-o-NPhMA), N-α-Naphthylmethacrylamide (N-α-HMA) were studied by means of ¹H-NMR method. The composition of the copolymers including: MA-co-N-ArMA, MMA-co-N-ArMA, IBMA-co-N-ArMA were determined from the peak areas of the phenyl group and methoxy group in the ¹H-NMR spectra. Reactivity ratios were calculated from the composition data by the Fineman-Rossmethod. The activity of various N-ArMA with MA, MMA and IBMA were investigated.

Studies of an Oligosaccharide in Pollen of Papaver Somniferum

MIAO Ping,MAO Wang,HE Feng,HUANG Weiwei,JIN Sheng

1995, 31(4):  422-425. 

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The oligosaccharide obtained from the pollen of Papaver Somniferum is composed of D-glucose. Methylation analysis, FAB-MS, IR and NMR spectroscopy of the oligosaccharide indicated it to be a tetra-α-glucan which has a branched structure involving one (1→3),one (1→3, 6) and two non-reducing terminal D-glucopyranosyl residues.

Mass Spectrometric Analyses of ¹³C and ¹⁸O at Microgram Levels of Calcium Carbonate

JIN Deqiu,ZHOU Xihuang,CHEN Qingchuan,GU Zhennan

1995, 31(4):  426-431. 

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A manual conversion device for microgram level samples(50～100µｇ)of calcium carbonate on benthic foraminifers isotope analyses have been developed for paleoenviroment study. Twenty five samples can be loaded for reaction with 100% orthophosphoric acid continuously one after another in a vacuum system. The standard diviations of measurements on VG SIRA-24 MS are within 0.2% for δ¹³C and 0.3% for δ¹⁸O.

Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of C₆₀ and C₇₀ by UV/Visible Absorption Spectra

LUO Chuping,GAN Liangbing,ZHOU Yongfen,TAN Haisong,HUANG Chunhui,ZENG Wei,WU Yongqing,SUN Yiliang,ZHOU Xihuang,GU Zhennan

1995, 31(4):  432-438. 

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UV/visible spectroscopy is used to determine the concentrations of both C₆₀ and C₇₀ in a C₆₀/C₇₀ mixture solution based on the Kalman filter method. The relative error is less than 2%.

An Investigation on the Phase Diagram of Ternary System
YbCl₃-CaCl₂-LiCl

SONG Xiuqin,ZHENG Chaogui

1995, 31(4):  439-443. 

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The phase diagram of ternary system YbCl₃-CaCl₂-LiCl has been determined by means of DTA. It was found that there are four surfaces corresponding to the primary crystallization of YbCl₃, CaCl₂, LiCl and Li₃YbCl₆ respectively and five univariant lines related to the secondary crystallization in this system. Temary eutectic point E(64.0% YbCl₃, 15.2%CaCl₂, 20.8%LiCl, 408℃) and ternary peritectic point P(55.2% YbCl₃, 20.2%CaCl₂, 24.6%LiCl, 448℃) were observed. The two equilibrium reactions with four phases occurred in this system are:
L=YbCl₃+Li₃YbCl₆+CaCl₂
L+LiCl=Li₃YbCl₆+CaCl₂

Geochemistry of K₂O-U-Th Elements of Granites from Eastern China

XU Baoliang,YAN Guohan,ZHAO Hui,ZHANG Zhilong

1995, 31(4):  444-450. 

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On the basis of about 350 analytical results of K₂O, Th, U of granites from Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hubei and Guangdong province, Eastern China, a general rule of variation of these elements of the granites is summarized, and it is applied to discuss problems of geochemical type, distributive characteristic and petrogenetic significance of the granites. These granites can be dividedinto three types, e.g. normal, high-U and low-U.A distributive pattern is pointed out that normal and low-U types of granites are dominant in Northern China while normal and high-U types are large scale in Southern China. Three metamorphic materials, which are derived from igneous rock, sedimantary rock and weathered igneous rock and/or igneous greywacke of low compositional maturity, are considered respectively as source rocks of the three granites.

Using Excess after Regression Analysis(ERA) Method to Evaluate Heavy MetalPollution in the Taizi River of Benxi City

JIA Zhenbang,YU Pengtao

1995, 31(4):  451-459. 

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The heavy metal pollution of Taizi River has been evaluated using Excess after Regression Analysis method proposed by Hilton. The concentration of heavy metal within a sediment core has been modelled by considering three components, the background concentration(Cb), that due to accelerated erosion (Ca), and an anthropogenic pollution term (Cp). Major cations associated with clay minerals such as Al, K and Mg do not have a pollution component. Iterative regression of the heavy metal concentration against one of these elements permits the isolationof Cp. Two group of heavy metals were identified. Type A(Zn and Cd)did not have a component due to accelerated erosion Ca. They are thought tohave passed through a solution phase before being recruited to the sediment. Type B metals (Fe, Ni, Cu and Pb)correlated well with the claymineral elements and were probably transported to the sediment as particles. We developed the ERA method because the heavy metal pollution level can't be identified by it. As a result, the developed ERA method makes it easy to compare the heavy metal pollution in different regions. After this study, we can draw the following conclusion: Copper and lead pollution are most serious in Taizi River; The heavy metal pollution is serious in the middle section of Taizi River, especially in Hejingou section. But Niuxintai section has no heavy metal pollution and Baishi section has little.

Stable Isotopic Composition and Significances of Devonian Carbonates in Guangxi and Adjacent Areas, South China

WANG Darui,BAI Zhiqiang

1995, 31(4):  460-467. 

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The carbon isotopic composition in carbonates at Guangxi and adjacent areas shows an isotopic increasing from Lower Devonian to upper Devonian and Carboniferous. The range of δ¹⁸C values vary from a low of -1‰～-4‰ in the Emsian to a high of +0.5‰～+2.5‰ in the Famennian and Toumaisian (C₁). The δ¹⁸O trend for Devonian carbonates reveals a variety with geologic time, showing a W shape as two negative shifts in the Eifelian (D₂) and the Frasnian (D₃), and three positive shifts in the Emsian(D₁), Giverian (D₂), and Famennian and Toumaisian, respectively. The carbon isotopic trend in the Devonian carbonates of south China reflect that the great vicissitude of biosphere and then the atmosphere and sediments happened during the Devonian. Both trends of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values in carbonates at Guangxi and adjacent areas are similar to that of trends originally preserved in the low-Mg calcite brachiopoda shells from same latitude, the tropical sea of North America during Devonian. Therefore, both carbon and oxygen isotope compositions in the Devonian carbonates of south China are originally preserved either and could be a potential tool for stratigraphic correlation.

Apply the Net-Work Theory to Study the Mechanism of Mantle Fluid's Formation

ZHU Yongfeng

1995, 31(4):  468-472. 

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The heterogeneous mantle especially was shown by the concentrations of volatiles(CO₂, H₂O, H₂, CH₄, CO)and alkali elements. Some researchers even believed that in mantle presents or had existed alkali-rich and volatile-rich lamination flow. In such fluid the contents of [SiO₄], K, and Na are very high. We studied the forming mechanism of mantle fluid in the light of net-work theory. The primitive mantle was an olivinite traped in melt state, consisted of polymeres, centring around [SiO₄]. Volatiles spread among polymeres, formingionic and/or molecule bonding between K, Na, Fe, Mg and [SiO₄]. The polymeres bound together by ionic and molecule bonding and formed net-workstructure. This is a homogeneous structure, i. e. , in all directions the strengthwas same, volatiles, K, Na, oreforming elements spread in a disorder state. When net-work structure was acted by a shear stress τ₀, the weak bonding in structure would break down, and net-work structure would have a change in order to respond to the new condition. The bonding among K, Na, [SiO₄] and volatiles is weaker than the bonding between [SiO₄], Fe and Mg. So these bondings would be destroied at first. As a result, the volatiles, K and Na would exsolve from the network structure and formed mantle fluid.

Mesozoic-Cenozoic Uplift of the Tian Shan Intraplate Orogenic Belt: Evidence from Zircon and Apatite Fission Track Dating

YANGGeng,QIANXianglin

1995, 31(4):  473-478. 

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Fission track ages from the O'Xi-Daban granite pluton, located between the south foothill of the Tian Shan and the northern margin of the Kuche Basin, show that the rapid uplift of the Tian Shan occurred with the average rate of 0.13mm/a(130m/Ma) during the early Cretaceousperiod (from 134Ma～107Ma) and the slow uplift with the average rate of 0.03mm/a(31.9m/Ma) from the late Cretaceous to Present. It is postulated that the strong reactivation of the Tian Shan intraplate orogenic belt existed during the early Cretaceous period. Since the late Cenozoic the rapid uplift of the Tian Shan has occurred again. The results of the present studies show that two uplift episods have existed in the Tian Shan intraplate orogenic belt during Mesozoic and Cenozoic time.

The Comparative Wood Anatomy of Eucalyptus Globulus Introduced into China and Native of Australia

WANG Changming,ZHANG Xinying,JIANG Tianyun,ZHOU Chaoding

1995, 31(4):  479-489. 

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The wood structure of E. globulus Labill. from different habitates was observed under light and scanning electron microscope. The variation wood structure of E. globulis from different habitates and from native of Australia was the difference in the characteristics of wood constituent members, the characteristics of vessel length, the length and diameter of tracheid, fibre tracheid length and fibre length of E. globulus grown in China compared with that grown in Australia. All of these values were relatively increased, while other quantitative characteristics decreased however the variation in percentage of solitary vessel and ray height were unobvious. The vestured pits on the vessel walls of E. globulus grown in China were obviously different from those grown in Australia in SEM structure. The formation, the orientation and the angle variation of twisting grain of E. globulus grown in China were tentatively studied in field survey and laboratory of wood anatomy. The results showed that the twisting grain orientation was in right helix(RH), the formation of twisting grain mainly was subjected to the comprehensive action of wind, temperature and annual rainfall. The twisting grain angle of E. globulus was increasing with altitude and decreasing with latitude. Furthermore, the factors affecting the wood structure were comprehensively analysed.

Effects of Partially Purified Neurotoxins from Scorpion Buthus Martensii on the Sodium Currents of GH3 Cells

ZHOU Peiai,CHENG Huiwen,LUO Liner,CHEN Qun,Bauer.C.K,Krylov.B,Schwarz.J.R

1995, 31(4):  490-498. 

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Two partially purified neurotoxins, peak II and III, were obtained from the crude venom of scorpion Buthus martensii by fractionation on Sephadex G-50. Bioassay experiments on cockroaches and mice indicated that peak II was more toxic to cockroaches and less to mice, while peak III was just reversed. The effects of these two partially purified neurotoxins on sodium currents of rat anterior pituitary cells (GH3 cells) were investigatedusing the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Peak III induced a pronounced slowing of Na⁺ inactivation, which is a typical response to a α type anti-mammal toxin from the Old World scorpion venom. Peak II dramatically shifted the voltage dependence sodium currents activation to much more negetive potentials, just like a typical β type anti-mammal toxin from the New World scorpion. It is interesting to see that a partially purified anti-insect toxin from the Old World scorpion behaved as a β type anti-mammal toxin on mammalian sodium channels.

Some Isozyme Changes Related to Organogenesiss of Bulblets from Bulb Scales of Lilium davidii in vitro

ZHOU Yibing,FENG Yun,YOU Ruilin

1995, 31(4):  499-507. 

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The bulb scales of Lilium were used as explants and cultured on MS basic medium supplemented with 1 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L 6-BA to build up an experimental system for studying organogenesis in vitro. At about the 10th day of culturing, bulblets grew out from adaxial surfaces of the bulb-scales. The induction rate was 100%. Specimens were taken everyday since the 1st day of culturing for cytohistological observations and the extractions of proteins. The extracts analysed by isoelectrofocusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF-PAGE). The results were as follows: The amount of total protein kept stable in the first two days and decreased to the lowest at the fifth day of culture, and then increased, but decreased again from the seventh day. There were changes of proteins with pI between 6.2 and 6.6. Both the composition and the amount of each component changed. During the culture of Lilium bulb scales in vitro, both the activity of peroxidase isozymes and the kinds of peroxidase isozymes increased gradually. Four distinct bands appeared in the cathode zone. The amounts of esterase isozymes with pI4.6～5.9 and 6.6～8.2increased. The amount and the activity of amylase isozymes also increased gradually. These results suggested that a further investigation using this system could lead to a better understanding of the isozyme changes in organogenesis.