Table of Content

20 September 2016, Volume 52 Issue 5

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Development of Multi-energies NRA Methods for Depth Profiling of Deuterium Based on 4.5 MV Electrostatic Accelerator in Peking University

XIAO Xuan, YAN Sha, ZHU Jipeng, GAO Yuan, XUE Jianming, WANG Yugang

2016, 52(5):  767-775.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.129

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To fulfill the need of studying the deuterium retention in nuclear materials, the authors set up an NRA to analyze device with three channel detecting system based on 4.5 MV electrostatic accelerator in Peking University, and developed a multi-energies NRA method for quantitative depth profiling deuterium. With the simultaneous energy spectra of p and 4He created by the D (3He, p) 4He nuclear reaction, by adopting several different incident 3He+ energies (0.8?3.6 MeV), a reasonable better depth resolution and higher sensitivity in a larger analyzing depth could be obtained. The authors also measured differential cross-section of the 3He-D reaction at 135°. The relative accuracy of these data was better than ±3.9%. The initial measurement of concentration and depth profiles of D was carried out, using targets of implanted PC-W samples, as well as CMSIIW samples from a W-coated outer divertor tile of TOKAMAK AUG near the strike points. A ~6 μm analyzed depth could be obtained with a depth resolution less than 1.5 μm throughout the whole detecting range and a ~20 nm minimal resolution at the sample surfaces. The detection limit was around 5×1019 D/m2. Apart from the statistical and fitting error of NRA spectra, the NRA system had an experimental error of ±7.5% from the parameter measurement.

The Host Specificity of a Nature Enemy Argyrogramma albostriata against Solidago canadensis

CHEN Qian, WANG Qiang, HE Jiaqing

2016, 52(5):  776-784.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.059

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The second generation larva of Argyrogramma albostriata of 4th instar, which were fed in the lab with Solidago canadensis under the condition of room temperature and natural light, were used as material for the experiment of host specify. 104 plant species from 52 families were used in testing host specify and the herbivory of leaves of different plants and survival time were observed. The results show that leaves of Conyza canadensis, Aster subulatus, Kalimeris indica, Erigeron annuus and S. canadensis were eaten by A. albostriata after 24 hours, while other plants were not eaten until the larva were starve to death. Then the life history of A. albostriata fed on C. canadensis, A. subulatus, K. indica, E. annuus and S. canadensis were observed and the main indexes of life history were recorded. The main results are as follows. 1) Survival rates of A. albostriata fed on C. canadensis, A. subulatus, K. indica, and S. canadensis are higher than larva fed on E. annuus significantly. 2) Fed on different plants have different influence on the length of different instars of A. albostriata. 3) Pupation rate, emergence rate, longevity and pupation weight of A. albostriata fed on C. canadensis, A. subulatus, K. indica, and S. canadensis are higher than that fed on E. annuus. The results indicate that A. albostriata is oligophagous, only eat C. canadensis, A. subulatus, K. isindica, E. annuus and S. canadensis. A. albostriata can complete its life history on C. canadensis, A. subulatus, K. indica, and S. Canadensis. However, the growth of lava of A. albostriata is constrained when fed on E. annuus.

Determination of Seven Organic Acids in Juice by Retention Model in Ion Chromatography

Lü Hongfeng, CUI Meilei

2016, 52(5):  785-792.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.036

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Optimal chromatography condition can be obtained via time-consuming experiments. To simplify it, an improved retention model assisting experiments optimum are developed and the separating conditions of seven organic acids in juice are established. The retention behaviors of organic acids on AS11-HC analytical columns are analyzed. It is found that the gradient model performs well for linear gradient elution while it should be assisted with a trial-and-error optimization for nonlinear gradient elution.

Members’ Psychological Mechanism for Participating in Microblogs Community: Empirical Study and Management Suggestions

HU Lei, SUN Maohua

2016, 52(5):  793-802.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.134

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This article explores members’ psychological mechanism for participating in microblogs community, with the application of methods of multiple regression and path analysis. It shows that members’ perception of the credibility of microblogs content and self-presentation are two important psychological processes. Furthermore, the impacts of members’ motivations of self-representation, informational value, entertainment value and social enhancement on their behaviors for participating in microblogs community are both mediated by the variables of the perception of the credibility of microblogs content and self-presentation. The conclusions have some practical significances in managing microblogs community and guiding public opinion for microblogs service providers and government departments.

High-Speed Hardware Design of Kalman Filter Based on FPU with Formula Derivation Method

LIU Chao, YAN Wei

2016, 52(5):  803-808.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.135

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Based on the traditional hardware implementations of Kalman filter, the authors derive and simplify the filtering formulas according to the filtering model and matrix operations, and then design underlying FPU (float point unit) needed by the filtering formulas according to the “bottom-up” design thinking, to implement the complete Kalman filter system. The Kalman filter designed by this method not only gets rid of dependence on third-party platforms and increase the portability and application areas of filtering system, but the filtering speed improves significantly than traditional matrix operation method. For a constant acceleration filtering model, this paper provides detailed data comparison between formula derivation method and traditional matrix operation method, the Kalman filter designed by this method maintains the accuracy of the previous level and achieves the computing speed 2.1 times, compared with the traditional matrix operation method.

Study of Turbulence Transfer at Different Levels during Fog Periods in Tianjin

YE Xinxin, WEI Wei, LI Hang, ZHANG Hongsheng

2016, 52(5):  809-818.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.141

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Based on the observational atmospheric turbulent data obtained from 255-m tower in Tianjin, the characteristics of different atmospheric variables and turbulent transfer during the fog periods were studied. The results show that before the fog, there exists high humidity, and the height of inversion reaches to 100 m. The inversion of radiation fog is stronger than that of the advection fog. During the fog, the inversion continues strengthening. With the lifting of inversion, the neutral and unstable stratification occurres which means the dissipation of fogs. Meanwhile, the development of inversion in the radiation fog is more obvious than that in advection fogs, the height of radiation fogs is lower than that of advection fogs, and the main reasons for the dissipation of radiation and advection fogs are temperature and wind speed, respectively. The stratification is changed by the fog period, resulting in an unstable nocturnal atmosphere. The vertical transfer is weak and the horizontal transfer strengthened in the later stage. The increasing in the ratio of mean kinetic energy to turbulent kinetic energy before the fog can be treated as the signal of the occurrence of fog and the decreasing marks the dissipation of fog.

Application of Large Eddy Simulation for a Winter Radiation Fog Event in North China

ZUO Quan, ZHANG Qinghong

2016, 52(5):  819-829.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.143

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A wide range of radiation fog shrouded North China at 18:00 on January 21, 2013. Based on mesoscale model of WRF (the Weather Research and Forecasting Model) V3.5.1, the predictability of this case is discussed, through comparison between different horizontal resolution of the boundary layer scheme (BLS) and large eddy simulation (LES) scheme. The results indicate that there exists a certain capability to simulate this fog through the BLS, but also exists a delay of 3 hours; however, through LES, both of the occurrence time and distribution of fog can be well simulated. More accurate results can be obtained by improving the horizontal resolution, which makes the occurrence time and distribution closer to the observation. Further analysis shows that, compared with BLS, LES simulates lower temperature of the surface, more water vapor, higher relative humidity and earlier occurrence of the temperature inversion. As a result, in this example, LES is capable of significantly improving the forecast skill of the mesoscale model for radiation fog in North China.

Study on Depth of Atmospheric Boundary Layerin Gobi Desert Regions of the Bosten Lake Basin

YANG Yang, LIU Xiaoyang, LU Zhenghui, LI Hao

2016, 52(5):  829-836.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.145

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Due to the combined effects of lake and Gobi, the atmospheric boundary layer located in Gobi desert regions of the Bosten Lake basin is found to possess some special regional characteristics. Based on the data of the developing meteorological observation experiments conducted in the Bosten Lake of Xinjiang Province, the height characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer from May 21 to August 28, 2013 are analyzed. The result shows that the most prominent feature of the Gobi area of the Bosten Lake Basin is that the boundary layer often has the deep convection during the typical sunny days in the summer. The statistics also shows that in 45 days out of 100 days, the average height of the atmospheric boundary layer is above 3000 m, and the maximum height reaches 4400 m. The causes of forming the deep convective boundary layer are explored. It is argued that the atmospheric thermodynamic properties and the lake wind shear are important factors to form the deep convective boundary layer.

Interannual Variability of Wind Energy Potential in China

WANG Lingxiao, LU Xi, LIU Shuyan, LIN Jintai

2016, 52(5):  837-847.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.147

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Based on the combined data of observations, RegCM3 model and the power curve of GE 2.5 MW wind turbine, the interannual variability of wind energy potential (WEP) over 1982-2006 in China is analyzed. It is calculated that the WEP of RegCM3 wind, observation-adjusted wind and their mean wind is 25, 2.5 and 11 PWh/a, all more than 20% of China’s expected electricity demand in 2030 (2 PWh/a). Their relative standard deviations of yearly WEP are about 3%, 8% and 5%, and their relative ranges of yearly WEP are 15%, 33% and 23%. Because of the seasonal variation of wind energy and electricity demand, power deficit could occur in summer if relying on wind energy only, resulting in a need of huge backup capacity that reduces the economic benefit and emission benefit.

Petrogenesis of the Early Cretaceous Qingcaoshan Strongly Peraluminous S-Type Granitic Pluton, Southern Qiangtang, Northern Tibet: Constraints from Whole-Rock Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology

LIU Hong, ZHANG Hui, LI Guangming, HUANG Hanxiao, XIAO Wanfeng, YOU Qin, MA Dongfang, ZHANG Hai, ZHANG Hong

2016, 52(5):  848-860.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.045

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The Qingcaoshan granitic pluton, located in the Zhapu-Duobuza magmatic arc in southern Qiangtang, consists of granite porphyry and quartz monzonitic porphyry. However, the age and genesis are not studied due to absence of geochemical and geochronological data. The weighted average 206Pb/238U age of 122±1 Ma (MSWD=3.9) for quartz monzonitic porphyry and 114.6±1.2 Ma (MSWD=1.1) for granite porphyry is present by LA-ICPMS and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating. The intrusion have minor muscovite and cordierite, no hornblende. The granitic pluton is characterized by enriched Al (A1₂O₃: 14.81%-15.86%), depleted Ca (CaO: 1.10%-2.44%), and high content of alkali (K₂O+Na₂O: 6.86%-8.80%). Father more, it is also characterized by ASI of 1.1 (A/CNK: 1.06-1.20), corundum (1.20%-2.86%) and absence of diopside showed through CIPW calculation, which are indicative of peraluminous sub-alkaline S-type graniten. The intrusive rock is relatively enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, Th, U, K, La, Ce) and depleted in high field strength elements (Ta, Nb, P, Ti, Y), and exhibits LREE-enriched ((La/Yb)N: 3.24-16.20) with right-inclined REE distribution patterns. A synthesis of all these characteristics indicates that the Qingcaoshan granitic pluton was probably derived from partial melting of greywacke components in the upper crust as a result of norward subduction of the Bangong Co-Nujiang oceanic crust towards the Qiangtang block.

A Study of in-situ Stress Direction Change during Waterflooding in the Low Permeability Reservoirs

ZHANG Zhiqiang, SHI Yongmin, BU Xiangqian, LIANG Yaohuan, ZHANG Enyu

2016, 52(5):  861-870.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.140

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Based on the current situation of stress direction change and its mechanism insufficiently understanding during oilfield development, anisotropic drilling from four cores in Chang-6 oil layer group of a block of Ansai oilfield in Ordos basin, stress direction relative change is measured respectively in dry sample and stratigraphic condition and analyzing the machanisms of effects. Results indicate that there is an obvious difference under the dry sample and stratigraphic condition, which suggests that it has an important meaning to test stress under in-situ condition. Maximum horizontal principal stress direction changes from 4.65° to 8.73° during oilfield development, the average is 7°, and analysis of characteristics of reservoir physical property and mechanism of rock fracture suggests that “natural channel” has an important control function to in-situ stress direction change. Combined with the initial in-situ stress direction, current stress direction of the study area is regarded as about NE58°. The conclusion does make crucial sense to oilfield reconstructive measure such as well network adjustment and artificial fracturing.

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Zircon Age of Dacite in Tailegula Formation and Their Constraints on Emplacement of Darbut Ophiolite in West Junggar

ZHAO Lei, HE Guoqi

2016, 52(5):  871-880.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.146

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The Darbut ophiolite in West Junggar is covered unconformably by sedimentary-volcanic series of Tailegula Formation in Sartohay region. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating on zircons from dacite gives the ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U weighted mean age of 349±2 Ma, indicating that the Tailegula Formation was formed in Tournaisian of Early Carboniferous. The dacites show right-oriented linear REE patterns with LREE enrichment and negative Eu anomaly. In trace element primitive mantle normalized diagram, the standardized abundance of all samples increase as rising of the element incompatibility. The average Sr, Sr/Y, and La/Yb of dacites in Tailegula Formation are 195 μg/g, 5.2 and 4.6, respectively, much less than those of classic arc dacites and adakites. Combined with low-grade deformation and metamorphism, the dacites in Tailegula Formation are suggested to erupt in rift environment.

Petroleum Geology and Exploration Potential of Vienna Basin

ZHANG Hongwei, LI Jianghai, ZHANG Liwei

2016, 52(5):  881-890.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.047

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The oil geology feature of Vienna Basin was summarized and potential of exploration was discussed by analysising the strata of Vienna Basin and fracture development characteristics. Vienna Basin is a pull-apart basin located between the East Alps and West Carpathian. Its basement is composed of the Hercynian Bohemian Massif and Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata. The tectonic evolution can be divided into three stages, including Jurassic extensional rifting, Cretaceous-Early Miocene over-thrusting and Middle Miocene pull-parting stage. There are three structural lays from top to bottom, Jurassic-Cretaceous autochthonous, Permian-Paleogene allochthonous Alpine nappes and Neogene sediments. There are two sets of source rocks: the upper Jurassic marls and Paleogene shale, among which, the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridgian Malmian marls are considered to be the major source rocks. Reservoirs occur at various horizons from Triassic to Neogene Miocene strata, among which, the most important reservoirs are Miocene sandstones that deposit in shallow-water delta environment and contain 76% of all reserves, and the minor reservoirs are the Triassic dolosparite. Neogene shales provide the regional top-seal. After evaluation, it is considered that Mesozoic allochthonous napps (flysch turbidite and Triassic dolomite) and Mesozoic autochthonous succession (the second and the third structural layer) are the most prospective for exploration.

Geometry and Tectonic Evolution of the Laojunmiao Break-Thrust Belt in the Northern Margin of Qilian Mountain

XIAO Yuxiang, DU Wenbo, ZHANG Bo, ZHANG Jinjiang, HOU Xiulin, WANG Wei, HE Xin, LI Xiaojun, YIN Congyuan

2016, 52(5):  891-901.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.054

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On the base of the 3D seismic profile interpretations, combined with the previous findings, geometry and tectonic evolution across and along the Laojunmiao break-thrust belt in the northern margin of the Northern Qilian belt are deciphered. The Laojunmiao belt is a bi-layer thrust system, consisting of a trishear faultpropagation fold system in the upper part, wedge-shaped thrust in the lower part. The Laojunmiao thrust system is linked with the NE-SW striking-slip 134 fault in the western segment, which forms a unified system of fracture on the Laojunmiao belt. Thrusting sheet above the hanging wall of the 134-Laojunmiao fault system is folded under nearly E-S compressive stress field, which results in the N-S striking folding to superpose on the Cenozoic bedding.

A Soil Moisture Co-retrieval Approach Based on AMSR-E and ASAR Data

LI Xin, ZENG Qiming, WANG Xinyi, HUANG Jianghui, JIAO Jian

2016, 52(5):  902-910.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2015.142

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It is difficult to monitor land surface soil moisture in high temporal and spatial resolution within a wide range for lack of ground observation data when the satellite is passing over. To solve this problem, a new integrated approach termed as “soil moisture retrieval with combined active and passive microwave remote sensing observation” was proposed. AMSR-E soil moisture product is compensated as “high temporal resolution observation control data” and soil moisture benchmark is retrieved together with ASAR alternating polarization mode data. Then both of them are integrated to build up a co-inversion model for soil moisture retrieval. This approach applies to areas where the land surface roughness is small and vegetation index (NDVI) is low. The approach is evaluated in Weibei Upland of Shaanxi Province. According to the regression analysis based on AIEM (advanced integrated equation model), the correlation coefficient between compensated AMSR-E soil moisture and downscaled ASAR backscattering coefficient was approximately 0.81. Verification analysis with the in-situ data of Fengxiang County in the study area shows that the soil moisture retrieved with combined active and passive microwave remote sensing observation displays a correlation coefficient of 0.92, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) of the soil volumetric moisture is 0.025. It indicates that the approach is credible and the soil moisture retrieval results could be used in simulating regional crop growth under water-limited environments.

Electrochemical Performance and Charge Transfer Rate of Boron Doped Diamond with Different Oxidation Extent

YU Peng, XING Xuan, WANG Ting

2016, 52(5):  911-918.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.034

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The boron doped diamond (BDD) with different oxidation extent was prepared through electrochemical anodic oxidation, followed by characterization with various methods. The electrochemical properties and charge transfer rates of boron doped diamond electrodes with different oxidation extent were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and Mott-Schottky plot. As results, BDD morphology and quality rarely changed after oxidation by scanning electron microscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy techniques, while the O/C+O ratio obviously increased through EDX analysis. With the help of cyclic voltammetry and Mott-Schottky plot expressed by anodic current, it showed that the charge transfer rate enhanced with the increase of BDD oxidation extent. Moreover, the surface wettability decreased with the increasing oxidation extent, thus the hydrophilic property enhanced, suggesting the charge transfer rate expressed by anodic current increased. However, results from Mott-Schottky plot expressed by redox potential difference showed completely different result, i.e., the charge transfer rate increased and then decreased. This may be due to the kinds and ratios of functional groups on the BDD surface at different oxidation time, which may cause different charge transfer rates.

Driving Analysis of Oasis Key Landscape Types Changes Based on Water Resource Spatial Distribution in Middle Reaches of Heihe Basin

WANG Qi, MENG Jijun

2016, 52(5):  919-930.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.035

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This research takes oasis in the middle reaches of Heihe Basin in northwestern inland as study area, based on land use data, basic geographic information database, DEM, soil database, climatic data and DEMSP/OLS night light database, applies multiple time-series Logistic stepwise regression model to analyze driving factors for landscape types changes during 1986–1995, 1995–2000, 2000–2010, and reveals to what extent that water resource spatial distribution constrains to cropland and construction land. Conclusions are obtained as follows. 1) No general driving factors affect cropland increasing during each time period, while elevation and human activities present general driving factors for cropland decreasing. General driving factors for construction land increasing are elevation, distance and human activities, which have different driving directions based on different time periods. 2) Pumped wells and waterways share similar influential pattern on cropland and construction land changes with influential scope from 1 km to 1.5 km. Waterways constrain more than pumped wells. 3) The elevation influential scope on cropland and construction land is beneath 3500 m, with main constraint from topographic relief effect. The research results reveal the key instructional meanings for optimizing water and land resources spatial distribution, and improving utilization of water resource in oasis area.

Key Factors Analysis of Indoor and Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter in Heating Season

WU Yatao, LIU Zhaorong

2016, 52(5):  931-938.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.037

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Indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter were sampled and analyzed in Feb.–Mar. and Nov. –Dec., 2014. The influence of ventilation condition, atmospheric pollution level, the temperature and humidity on relationship between the indoor and outdoor fine particulate matters were studied. Studies showed that ventilation and air pollution levels were two important factors affecting the indoor and outdoor relations of PM2.5, they both had effects on I/O ratio, correlation coefficient of indoor and outdoor particles as well as the contribution rate of the atmospheric PM2.5 concentrations on the indoor PM2.5 concentrations. With better ventilation condition or higher I/O ratio, indoor and outdoor correlation coefficient would be higher, as well as the outdoor contribution rate. When the atmospheric PM2.5 concentration went higher, the I/O ratio, indoor and outdoor correlation coefficient and outdoor contribution rate became higher, while the range of I/O ratio and the growth rate of outdoor contribution went less. The temperature and humidity had little effect on indoor and outdoor relations of PM2.5.

Removal of 17β-estradiol in a Bio-electro-Fenton System

ZENG Yaqiong, WANG Binwei, LI Jie, XU Nan

2016, 52(5):  939-946.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.039

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Bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) system is an emerging advanced oxidation process, which can not only generate electricity and degrade organic substrates via bio-oxidation on the anode, but also remove bio-refractory pollutants via Fenton’s reaction on the cathode. The bio-electro-Fenton system was applied to the removal of trace estrogens, and both the removal efficiency and the optimization of performance were investigated in the bioelectro-chemical system equipped with the Fe@Fe₂O₃/non-catalyzed carbon felt (NCF) degradation mechanism, including external resistance, the cathode iron content, aeration rate and catholyte pH. It was found that chemical oxidation was the main pathway for E2 removal, and external resistance was the most significant factor influencing E2 removal rate, and the E2 removal was maximized when the external resistance was close to the internal one. The systems with Fe@Fe2O3/NCF cathode showed a high E2 removal performance under the optimized conditions, mostly over 90%.

Analysis of Carbon Emissions and the Influence Factors in the Process of Urbanization among Chinese Provinces

ZHAO Donglin, LI Tianhong

2016, 52(5):  947-958.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.060

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The article analyzes carbon emissions from industrial and living departments from 1995 to 2012, and urbanization rate is measured by three indicators, namely ratio of build-up area, ratio of non-agriculture population, and ratio of urban population. The results show that 1) the total amount of carbon emissions as well as the per capita carbon emissions is rising in 1995–2012, accordingly carbon emissions per unit of output present a decreasing trend. 2) In process of urbanization, Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin have relatively lower carbon emissions and higher urbanization rates in urbanization stages. 3) The carbon emission of unit urbanization rate measured by three indicators show that most provinces present reduction trend till 2000 and then increase. Inner magnolia ranks the top in the carbon emission per urbanization rate 1. Hebei, Henan and Shandong rank the top in carbon emission per urbanization rate 2 and 3. 4) In the view of provinces, energy structure has limited impacts on carbon emissions, energy intensity has negative effect, and industrial structure has both positive and negative effect while economic level and population size have positive effect for all provinces. The results can provide scientific reference for the regional carbon emission reduction strategy.

Responses of Soil Inorganic Nitrogen to Warming and Altered Precipitation in an Alpine Meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

WU Dandan, JING Xin, LIN Li, YANG Xinyu, ZHANG Zhenhua, HE Jinsheng

2016, 52(5):  959-966.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.061

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Based on the warming and altered precipitation experiment platform at Haibei research station, this study investigated the responses of soil inorganic nitrogen to warming and altered precipitation in the growing season in alpine meadow. The results show that 1) warming significantly decreasesNH₄⁺-N by 47.5% (p=0.001) and NO₃-N by 85.4% (p=0.021); 2) effect of decreased precipitation on soil inorganic nitrogen is unequal to the effect of increased precipitation, increased precipitation significantly increasesNH₄⁺-N by 74.7% (p=0.046) and NO₃-N by 154% (p=0.017), while decreases precipitation tends to reduce NH₄⁺-N, but has no significant effect on NO₃-N; 3) NH₄⁺-N and NO₃-N are positively correlated with soil moisture, but has no correlations with soil temperature. Thus, soil moisture induced by warming and altered precipitation, is the main factor affecting inorganic nitrogen availability in the growing season. This study suggests that inorganic nitrogen availability will increase in tandem with increasing soil moisture, under the background of climate change in alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Seasonal Dynamic Changes of Non-structural Carbohydrate in Tissues of Picea mongolica in Baiyinaobao

WANG Yiran, ZHENG Chengyang, ZENG Faxu

2016, 52(5):  967-976.  DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2016.062

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To understand seasonal dynamic of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) in evergreen conifers, the authors analyzed the soluble sugar, starch and NSC content of leaf, branch, bark and root system of Picea mongolica from April to October. The results indicate that starch abundance in different organs of Picea mongolica reach the highest point in May, then decrease gradually and maintain at a low level from August to October. This might be reasoned that germination required starch is accumulated through photosynthesis from April to May. The soluble sugar content is slight low in May, raise gradually and reach the highest point in October. However, starch accumulated during the growth season may not account for soluble sugar increment in winter. No significant correlation is detected between Picea mongolica different organs’ starch, soluble sugar, and NSC content to monthly mean temperature and precipitation.