北京大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1127-1136.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.103

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新冠疫情初期的管控措施对淄博市PM2.5化学组成和来源的影响

白雯宇1, 徐勃2, 赵雪艳1, 刘妍慧1, 殷宝辉1,†, 耿春梅1, 杨文1   

  1. 1. 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 2. 山东省淄博生态环境监测中心, 淄博 255000
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-23 修回日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 殷宝辉, E-mail: yinbh(at)craes.org.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2024YSKY-57)、大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(DQGG202119, DQGG202137)资助

Influence of COVID-19 Prevention and Control Measures on PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Source in Zibo, China

BAI Wenyu1, XU Bo2, ZHAO Xueyan1, LIU Yanhui1, YIN Baohui1,†, GENG Chunmei1, YANG Wen1   

  1. 1. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012 2. Shandong Zibo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Zibo 255000
  • Received:2024-10-23 Revised:2025-03-03 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-20
  • Contact: YIN Baohui, E-mail: yinbh(at)craes.org.cn

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摘要：

基于2020年1月1日至2月15日期间淄博市的在线观测数据, 对新冠肺炎疫情初期淄博市实施管控措施前后PM2.5浓度、化学组分、二次无机气溶胶生成机制以及来源的变化特征进行探讨。结果表明, 管控期间淄博市PM2.5质量浓度下降41%, OC和二次无机离子(SO42−, NO3−和NH4+)是PM2.5的主要组分, 管控期间只有NO3−的占比下降。对比PM2.5污染过程发现, 管控期间硫酸盐和二次有机气溶胶的产率上升, 且非均相反应途径对SO42−浓度的上升起关键作用。PMF源解析结果表明, 二次无机气溶胶、二次有机气溶胶、燃煤源、机动车排放源、道路扬尘源、生物质燃烧和烟花爆竹燃放混合源是淄博市PM2.5的主要来源, 管控期间燃煤源和二次有机气溶胶两类源的贡献占比增大。未来, 淄博市需要在燃煤源、机动车排放等方向继续加强管控。

关键词: COVID-19, 硫酸盐, 硝酸盐, PM2.5, 来源解析

Abstract:

Based on online observation data in Zibo from January 1st to February 15th, 2020, this study explores the changes of PM2.5 concentration, chemical composition, secondary inorganic aerosol generation mechanism, and sources during the COVID-19 control period compared with pre-control time in Zibo. The results showed that during the control period, the PM2.5 mass concentration in Zibo decreased by 41%. OC and secondary inorganic ions (SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+) were the main components of PM2.5, and only the proportion of NO3− declined during this period. Furthermore, a comparison of PM2.5 pollution episodes showed that during the control period, the production rates of sulfate and secondary organic aerosols increased, and the heterogeneous reaction played a key role in the increase of SO42− concentration. The PMF source apportionment results indicated that secondary inorganic aerosols, secondary organic aerosols, coal-combustion sources, vehicle emissions, road dust sources, and mixed sources of biomass combustion and fireworks were the main sources of PM2.5 in Zibo. During the control period, the contribution of coal-combustion sources and secondary organic aerosols increased. In the future, Zibo needs to emphasize control over coal-combustion sources and vehicle emissions.

Key words: COVID-19, sulfate, nitrate, PM2.5, source apportionment

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