Based on the ambient air quality monitoring data of 7 cities in Tibet from 2017 to 2023, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in ambient air in Tibet were analyzed by correlation analysis and GIS Kriging interpolation. The results showed that in Tibet region, the days with PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 as the primary pollutants were characterized by good ambient air quality, mainly concentrated in January–March and October–December. The variation trend of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentration was consistent. The average annual concentration in the whole region reached the first-level standard and showed a downward trend, and the seasonal average concentration showed the characteristics of winter>spring>autumn>summer. The average monthly concentration began to decrease from May, reaching the lowest in August and the highest in December. The hourly concentration showed bimodal characteristics, and the peak appeared from 09:00 to 12:00 in the morning and from 21:00 to 01:00 in the next day. The concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in Nyingchi City in southeastern Tibet were significantly lower than those in other cities, while the concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in Nagqu City in northern Tibet were significantly higher than those in other cities. According to the analysis of Sugimoto model, in the exceedance days with particulate matter as the primary pollutant, dust weather had a particularly significant impact on the concentration of PM₁₀ in the atmospheric environment of Tibet, the average content of dust components in PM₁₀ was 87.9%.