北京地区PM2.5浓度与气象要素的相关分析

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用美国驻中国大使馆2009年以来的PM_2.5浓度监测数据、MODIS 光学厚度数据和NCEP边界层气象要素数据, 对近年来北京地区 PM_2.5和边界层内气象要素进行分析。结果表明: 2009—2011 年夏、秋季以及 2012 年夏、冬季北京地区 PM_2.5污染情况较为严重, 2013 和 2014 年污染情况稍有转好; 北风为有利于PM_2.5扩散的气象条件, 且随着北风增强, 扩散效果更好; 南风为有利于 PM_2.5堆积的气象条件, 且随着南风增大, 堆积效果略微增加; 边界层高度越高, 越有利于PM_2.5的扩散; 相对湿度越大, 越有利于PM_2.5的堆积; 降水对 PM_2.5有明显的驱散作用。21 世纪以来, 北京地区的平均边界层高度有明显的降低趋势, 从 2500 m降低到 1500 m 以下, 其他气象要素没有明显的年际变化。

关键词: 北京, PM_2.5, 边界层内气象要素

Abstract:

The concentration monitoring of the Embassy of the United States in China since 2009, the aerosol optical depth of MODIS and the planetary boundary layer data of NCEP were used to analyze the meteorological conditions in the planetary boundary layer of Beijing in recent years. The results show that from 2009 to the summer of 2011 and the summer and winter of 2012, the pollution status of Beijing is serious. In 2013 and 2014, pollution is slightly better. The north wind is benefit to the diffusion of pollutants, and the greater the north wind, the better the diffusion effect. The south wind is benefit to the accumulation of pollutants, and the greater the south wind, the better the accumulation effect. Higher planetary boundary layer results in better diffusion. Greater humidity results in more accumulation. Precipitation has obvious effect on the diffusion of pollutant. Since twenty-first century, these meteorological conditions of Beijing have no obvious interannual variation except the planetary boundary layer height, which is obviously reduced from 2500 m to 1500 m.

Key words: Beijing, PM_2.5, the meteorological conditions in planetary boundary layer

中图分类号:

X513

周一敏, 赵昕奕. 北京地区PM_2.5浓度与气象要素的相关分析[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(1): 111-124.

Yimin ZHOU, Xinyi ZHAO. Correlation Analysis between PM_2.5 Concentration and Meteorological Factors in Beijing Area[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(1): 111-124.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.002

https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V53/I1/111

图/表 19

图1 美国大使馆PM2.5与北京市AQI和MODIS光学厚度关系

Fig. 1 Relationship between the Embassy PM2.5 and Beijing AQI/MOD04

图2 北京2009—2014年的PM2.5概况

Fig. 2 General situation of PM2.5 in Beijing from 2009 to 2014

图3 污染状况与前一日纬向风的关系

Fig. 3 Relationship between pollution status and U on the day before

图4 污染状况与前一日经向风的关系

Fig. 4 Relationship between pollution status and V on the day before

图5 污染状况在不同风向、风速下的情况

Fig. 5 Different pollution status in different wind direction and speed

图6 不同污染情况下的华北地区风向和风速

Fig. 6 Wind speed and direction in different pollution status

图7 PM2.5与经向风V的相关性

Fig. 7 Correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and V

图8 污染状况与边界层高度的关系

Fig. 8 Relationship between pollution status and planetary boundary layer height

图9 边界层高度与前一日经向风的关系

Fig. 9 Relationship between planetary boundary layer height and V on the day before

图10 污染状况与相对湿度的关系

Fig. 10 Relationship between pollution status and relative humidity

图11 相对湿度与前一日经向风和边界层高度的关系

Fig. 11 Relationship between relative humidity and the V on the day before / planetary boundary layer height

图12 污染状况与降水的关系

Fig. 12 Relationship between pollution status and precipitation

图13 前一日降水小于等于2 mm与大于2 mm时污染状况与4个气象要素的关系(a) 为前一日降水小于等于2 mm时(包括未发生降水)的情况, (b) 为前一日发生2 mm以上降水时的情况; 1, 2, 3和4图分别为前一日纬向风U、前一日经向风V、边界层高度、相对湿度与PM2.5的关系

Fig. 13 Relationship between the pollution status and 4 different meteorological elements when last day precipitation less than and more than 2 mm

图14 不同季节的污染状况与前一日纬向风的关系

Fig. 14 Relationship between pollution and the day before the zonal wind in different seasons

图15 不同季节的污染状况与前一日经向风的关系

Fig. 15 Relationship between pollution and the day before the meridional wind in different seasons

图16 不同季节的污染状况与边界层高度的关系

Fig. 16 Relationship between pollution status and planetary boundary layer height in different season

图17 不同季节的污染状况与相对湿度的关系

Fig. 17 Relationship between pollution status and relative humidity in different season

表1 不同天气情况下的污染状况

Table 1 Different pollution status in different weather conditions

空气质量以优为主	空气质量以良为主	空气质量较差	空气质量极差
V<-5 m/s且HPBL>1000 m 或	V<-5 m/s且HPBL<1000 m 或	V>0且1000 m<HPBL<3000 m 或 -5 m/s <V<0且 1000 m<HPBL<3000 m且 RH>40%	V>0且HPBL<1000 m且或 -5 m/s <V<0且 HPBL<1000 m且 RH>40%
V<0且HPBL>3000 m 或	V>0且HPBL>3000 m 或
-5 m/s <V<0且 2000 m<HPBL<3000 m且 RH<40%	-5 m/s <V<0且 1000 m<HPBL<2000 m且 RH<40%

图18 不同季节的边界层高度的年际变化

Fig. 18 Interannual variation of HPBL in different seasons

参考文献 27

[1]	Hu Z Z, Yang S, Wu R.Long-term climate variations in China and global warming signals. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2003, 108(D19): 1703-1708
[2]	Liang F, Xia X A.Long-term trends in solar radiation and the associated climatic factors over China for 1961-2000. Annales Geophysicae, 2005, 23(7): 2425-2432
[3]	Qian Y, Kaiser D P, Leung L R, et al.More frequent cloud-free sky and less surface solar radiation in China from 1955 to 2000. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(1): 311-330
[4]	Song L, Gao R, Li Y, et al.Analysis of China’s haze days in winter half year and climatic background during 1961-2012. Progressus Inquisitiones de Muta-tione Climatis, 2013, 9(5): 313-318
[5]	Zhang H, Xie B, Zhao S Y, et al.PM2.5 and tropospheric O3 in China and an analysis of the impact of pollutant emission control. Advances in Climate Change Research, 2014, 5(3): 136-141
[6]	孙彧, 马振峰, 牛涛, 等. 最近40年中国雾日数和霾日数的气候变化特征. 气候与环境研究, 2013, 8(3): 397-406
[7]	Bergin M H, Cass G R, Xu J, et al.Aerosol radiative, physical, and chemical properties in Beijing during June 1999. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmos-pheres, 2001, 106(D16): 17969-17980
[8]	王喜全, 孙明生, 杨婷, 等. 京津冀平原地区灰霾天气的年代变化. 气候与环境研究, 2013, 18(2): 165-170
[9]	吴兑, 陈慧忠, 吴蒙, 等. 三种霾日统计方法的比较分析: 以环首都圈京津冀晋为例. 中国环境科学, 2014, 34(3): 545-554
[10]	吴兑, 廖碧婷, 吴蒙, 等. 环首都圈霾和雾的长期变化特征与典型个例的近地层输送条件. 环境科学学报, 2014, 34(1): 1-11
[11]	周兆媛, 张时煌, 高庆先, 等. 京津冀地区气象要素对空气质量的影响及未来变化趋势分析. 资源科学, 2014, 36(1): 191-199
[12]	杨复沫, 贺克斌, 马永亮, 等. 北京PM2.5 浓度的变化特征及其与PM10、TSP 的关系. 中国环境科学, 2002, 22(6): 506-510
[13]	缪育聪, 郑亦佳, 王姝, 等. 京津冀地区霾成因机制研究进展与展望. 气候与环境研究, 2015, 20(3): 356-368
[14]	李宗恺. 空气污染气象学原理及应用. 北京: 气象出版社, 1985
[15]	King M D, Kaufman Y J, Menzel W P, et al.Remote sensing of cloud, aerosol, and water vapor properties from the moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS). IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing, 1992, 30(1): 2-27
[16]	Barnes W L, Pagano T S, Salomonson V V.Prelaunch characteristics of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on EOS-AM1. IEEE Tran- sactions on Geosciences & Remote Sensing, 1998, 36(4): 1088-1100
[17]	李璇, 聂滕, 齐珺, 等. 2013年1月北京市PM2.5区域来源解析. 环境科学, 2015, 36(4): 1148-1153
[18]	廖晓农, 孙兆彬, 唐宜西, 等. 高空偏北风背景下北京地区高污染形成的环境气象机制研究. 环境科学, 2015, 36(3): 801-808
[19]	苏福庆, 杨明珍, 钟继红, 等. 华北地区天气型对区域大气污染的影响. 环境科学研究, 2004, 17(3): 16-20
[20]	郭利, 张艳昆, 刘树华, 等. 北京地区PM10质量浓度与边界层气象要素相关性分析. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 2011, 47(4): 607-612
[21]	Greene J S, Kalkstein L S, Ye H, et al.Relationships between synoptic climatology and atmospheric pollu-tion at 4 US cities. Theoretical & Applied Climatology, 1999, 62(3/4): 163-174
[22]	Flocas H, Kelessis A, Helmis C, et al.Synoptic and local scale atmospheric circulation associated with air pollution episodes in an urban Mediterranean area. Theoretical & Applied Climatology, 2009, 95(3/4): 265-277
[23]	Tai A P K, Mickley L J, Jacob D J. Correlations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteoro-logical variables in the United States: implications for the sensitivity of PM2.5 to climate change. Atmos-pheric Environment, 2010, 44(32): 3976-3984
[24]	任阵海, 万本太, 虞统, 等. 不同尺度大气系统对污染边界层的影响及其水平流场输送. 环境科学研究, 2004, 17(1): 7-13
[25]	王跃, 王莉莉, 王跃思, 等. 北京PM2.5重污染时段环流形势及边界层结构分析 // 创新驱动发展提高气象灾害防御能力: S10 大气物理学与大气环境. 南京, 2013: 1-11
[26]	康娜, 辛金元, 蔺永耀, 等. 北京山前典型细粒子污染过程的气象条件分析. 环境科学研究, 2009, 22(9): 1013-1020
[27]	杨雨灵, 谭吉华, 孙家仁, 等. 华北地区一次强灰霾污染的天气学效应. 气候与环境研究, 2015, 20(5): 555-570