北京市售食用菌的重金属含量及其对Pb的吸附特性研究

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析几种常见食用菌(平菇、口蘑、木耳和蟹味菇)的重金属含量, 结合国家卫生标准对其安全性进行评估。结果表明, 常见食用菌子实体的重金属(Pb, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Fe, Cd, V, Cu)含量均低于国家食用菌卫生限量标准。利用不同种类食用菌作为生物吸附剂, 通过实验, 研究各种食用菌子实体对 Pb (Ⅱ)的吸附特性、吸附模型以及吸附动力学特征。平菇、口蘑、木耳、蟹味菇的匀浆以及木耳活体的吸附过程均可用Langmuir 方程进行拟合; 平菇活体适合 Frendlich 方程。平菇、口蘑、木耳和蟹味菇对 Pb (Ⅱ)的最大吸附量可达91.7, 123, 58.5和120 mg/g, 与其他生物吸附剂相比, 吸附效果更好。动力学研究发现, 准二阶模型更符合食用菌对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程。研究结果揭示了食用菌用于治理重金属污染的可行性。

关键词: 食用菌, 生物吸附, Pb(Ⅱ), 等温吸附模型, 动力学模型

Abstract:

Natural bioaccumulation of heavy metals and biosorption of Pb (Ⅱ) in some common edible macro-fungi was studied. They include the following species: Pleurotus ostreatus, Tricholomagambosum, Auricularia auricular, and Hypsizygus marmoreus Bigelow. The present analysis of heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Fe, Cd, V, and Cu) revealed distinct capabilities of metal accumulation among individual species. The concentrations of the metals have not reached a health risk level when cultivated in uncontaminated soil. The biosorption experiment by edible-macro-fungi shows that the equilibrium data of living sporocarp of Auricularia auricular and the homogenate of all the species follow well the Langmuir model; living sporocarp of Pleurotus ostreatus exhibites better fit to the Freundlich model. The maximum lead removal capacity of Pleurotus ostreatus, Tricholomagambosum, Auricularia auricular, Hypsizygus marmoreus Bigelow show a higher lead removal capacity than other biosorbents, reaching 91.7, 123, 58.5 and 120 mg/g respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model best fits the biosorption processes. The effectiveness of edible macro-fungi as a potential biosorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) is confirmed.

Key words: common edible macro-fungi, biosorption, Pb(Ⅱ), isotherm, kinetics

中图分类号:

X142

姜源, 郝瑞霞, 杨诗琴. 北京市售食用菌的重金属含量及其对Pb的吸附特性研究[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(1): 125-134.

Yuan JIANG, Ruixia HAO, Shiqin YANG. Natural Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals onto Common Edible Macrofungi and Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on Biosorption of Pb(Ⅱ) to Them[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(1): 125-134.

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链接本文: https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.003

https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V53/I1/125

图/表 13

参考文献 26

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食用菌	元素含量 ω/(mg · kg^-1)
食用菌	Pb	Mn	Co	Ni	Cr	Zn	Fe	Cd	V	Cu
平菇	0.19±0.00	0.68±0.02	0.01±0	0.01±0.00	0	7.34±0.89	11.02±0.02	0.02±0.00	0.04±0.00	1.09±0.00
口蘑	0.01±0.00	0.46±0.00	0.00	0.01±0.00	0	4.33±0.05	5.45±0.00	0.03±0.00	0.01±0.00	3.18±0.03
木耳	0.00	0.70±0.01	0.01±0	0.00	0	0.39±0.02	7.06±0.01	0.01±0.00	0.06±0.01	0.04±0.00
蟹味菇	0.12±0.01	1.52±0.03	0.00	0.09±0.01	0	8.70±0.02	5.85±0.01	0.00	0.00	2.13±0.01
国标	≤1			1	0.5			≤0.2

食用菌	元素含量 ω/(mg · kg^-1)
食用菌	Pb	Mn	Co	Ni	Cr	Zn	Fe	Cd	V	Cu
平菇	0.19±0.00	0.68±0.02	0.01±0	0.01±0.00	0	7.34±0.89	11.02±0.02	0.02±0.00	0.04±0.00	1.09±0.00
口蘑	0.01±0.00	0.46±0.00	0.00	0.01±0.00	0	4.33±0.05	5.45±0.00	0.03±0.00	0.01±0.00	3.18±0.03
木耳	0.00	0.70±0.01	0.01±0	0.00	0	0.39±0.02	7.06±0.01	0.01±0.00	0.06±0.01	0.04±0.00
蟹味菇	0.12±0.01	1.52±0.03	0.00	0.09±0.01	0	8.70±0.02	5.85±0.01	0.00	0.00	2.13±0.01
国标	≤1			1	0.5			≤0.2

食用菌		Langmuir			Freundlich
食用菌		q_m/(mg·g^-1)	K_L	R_L²	n_F	K_f	R_f²
平菇	活体	-	-0.007	0.064	1.548	0.008	0.708
平菇	匀浆	6.422	0.029	0.985	0.187	1.946	0.977
口蘑	匀浆	8.953	0.426	1.000	0.124	5.882	0.770
木耳	活体	3.505	0.019	0.932	0.320	0.439	0.852
木耳	匀浆	3.468	0.010	0.967	0.448	0.189	0.734
蟹味菇	活体	-	0.005	-0.325	0.801	0.636	0.315
蟹味菇	匀浆	6.949	0.163	1.000	0.178	2.797	0.928

食用菌		Langmuir			Freundlich
食用菌		q_m/(mg·g^-1)	K_L	R_L²	n_F	K_f	R_f²
平菇	活体	-	-0.007	0.064	1.548	0.008	0.708
平菇	匀浆	6.422	0.029	0.985	0.187	1.946	0.977
口蘑	匀浆	8.953	0.426	1.000	0.124	5.882	0.770
木耳	活体	3.505	0.019	0.932	0.320	0.439	0.852
木耳	匀浆	3.468	0.010	0.967	0.448	0.189	0.734
蟹味菇	活体	-	0.005	-0.325	0.801	0.636	0.315
蟹味菇	匀浆	6.949	0.163	1.000	0.178	2.797	0.928

生物吸附剂	最大吸附量/(mg · g^-1)	文献	生物吸附剂	最大吸附量/(mg · g^-1)	文献
Lactarius scrobiculatus	56.2	[18]	Amanita rubescens	38.4	[23]
Zoogloea ramigera	10.4	[19]	Ulva. lactuca	34.7	[24]
Rhizopus arrhizus	15.5	[19]	Agaricus bisporus	33.78	[13]
Aspergillus flavus	4.14	[20]	Pleurotus platypus	27.10	[13]
Saccharum bengalense	5.78	[16]	Calocybe indica	23.41	[13]
Lichen	12.3	[3]	平菇匀浆	91.743	本文
Lactarius scrobiculatus	56.2	[18]	口蘑匀浆	122.630	本文
Calophyllum inophyllum	34.51	[21]	木耳匀浆	58.482	本文
Phanerochaete chrysosporium	69.8	[22]	蟹味菇匀浆	119.810	本文
Pleurotus ostreatus	121.21	[17]	平菇活体	3.505	本文
Cephalosporium aphidicola	36.9	[19]	蟹味菇活体	82.169	本文