关键词: 生态足迹, 城市生态可持续发展, 深圳

Abstract: The ecological footprint (EF) has been given much attention as an indicator for urban sustainable development over the last years. This paper applies the EF concept and calculation method to measure the ecological sustainability of Shenzhen City in 2000. An overall average EF of Shenzhen is calculated, using food, energy and chemical products consumption items in terms of the land area respectively required. Imports and exports data are considered during the calculation. The EF of Shenzhen City at 2.0227 hm² dramatically overshoots its ecological capacity of 0.0477 hm², it can be concluded that Shenzhen City is in "ecological deficit", in the sense that it is using more biologically productive land than that available within its borders and it highly dependents upon external ecosystems for its food, material, energy resources and waste assimilation. The ecological deficit of Shenzhen City is due to dramatically changed regional landscape, leading to a conclusion that the EF of Special Zone is higher than other areas in Shenzhen. The EF of Shenzhen is also compared with those of several other Chinese cities, showing that the former is lower than Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Macao. The paper also comments on various methodological issues that have arisen in the calculation of Ecological Footprints. Finally, the policy improvements responding to the EF measure are suggested: controlling population through improving industry pattern, reducing consumption level and increasing ecological capacity.

Key words: ecological footprint, urban ecological sustainable development, Shenzhen City