北京大学学报自然科学版 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (6): 1143-1152.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2021.088

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城市公共资源与人口分布的空间适配性分析——以深圳市为例

王宏亮1,2,3, 吴健生1,2,†, 高艺宁1,4, 刘璐1,5, 杨微石2,5, 彭子凤6, 管青春7   

  1. 1. 自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室, 深圳 518034 2. 北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院, 城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室, 深圳 518055 3. 内蒙古大学公共管理学院, 呼和浩特 010070 4. 内蒙古师范大学科学技术处, 呼和浩特 010022 5. 深圳市不动产评估中心, 深圳 518040 6. 深圳市规划国土房产信息中心，深圳518040 7. 中国石油大学(华东)海洋与空间信息学院，青岛 266580
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-25 修回日期:2021-02-08 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 吴健生, E-mail: wujs(at)pkusz.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室开放基金资助课题(KF-2019-04-027)、广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2020A151
    5110847)、内蒙古自治区高等学校科研项目(NJZZ21005)、中国博士后科学基金(2020M672164)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(20CX06038A)资助

Spatial Fitness of Urban Public Resources and Population Distribution: Taking Shenzhen as an Example

WANG Hongliang1,2,3, WU Jiansheng1,2,†, GAO Yining1,4, LIU Lu1,5, YANG Weishi2,5, PENG Zifeng6, GUAN Qingchun7#br#   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen 518034 2. Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055 3. School of Public Administration, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070 4. Science and Technology Department, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022 5. Shenzhen Real Estate Assessment Center, Shenzhen 518040 6. Shenzhen Municipal Planning and Land Real Estate Information Center, Shenzhen 518040 7. School of Ocean and Spatial Information, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580
  • Received:2020-11-25 Revised:2021-02-08 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-11-20
  • Contact: WU Jiansheng, E-mail: wujs(at)pkusz.edu.cn

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摘要：

基于新数据环境支持, 运用核密度估计、最近邻分析、多距离空间聚类、协同区位商和两步移动搜索等多种空间量化法, 从适应性和匹配关系两个方面分析深圳市城市公共资源与人口分布的空间适配性。结果表明: 1) 不同城市公共资源与人口分布的空间适应性具有明显的相似性, 表现为空间形态、分布模式和邻近效应相似; 2) 城市公共资源与人口分布的空间匹配关系存在差异, 城市公共资源与人口密度的非匹配特征说明城市公共资源供需关系存在“失配”和“错位”现象。最后, 针对资源要素的空间适配性问题, 从城市和社区两种尺度提出针对公园绿地、教育机构和健康医疗等 3 类公共资源的优化建议。

关键词: 城市公共资源, 人口分布, 空间适配性, 深圳市

Abstract:

Based on the support of the new data environment, the spatial adaptability of urban public resources and population distribution in Shenzhen is analyzed from two aspects of adaptability and matching relationship by using various spatial quantization methods, such as kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor analysis, multidistance spatial clustering, cooperative location quotient and two-step mobile search. The results show that the spatial adaptability of public resources and population distribution in different cities has obvious similarity, which is similar in spatial morphology, distribution pattern and proximity effect. Spatial matching relationship between urban public resources and population distribution is different. The non-matching characteristics of urban public resources and population density indicate the “mismatch” and “dislocation” relationship between supply and demand of urban public resources. Aiming at the spatial adaptability of resource elements, the optimization suggestions for three kinds of public resources, such as park green space, school education and health care, are put forward from two scales of city and community.

Key words: urban public resources, population distribution, spatial fitness, Shenzhen

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