Table of Content

20 March 2007, Volume 43 Issue 2

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Application of ANN in Clustering of Tourist Market: A Case Study in Wuyishan City

YAN Fen,MENG Jijun

2007, 43(2):  240-244. 

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The clustering analysis of tourist market plays a lead role in the exploitation of touring market. Until now, although the quantitative methods are usually thought to be more dependable, more qualitative methods have been used to the clustering of tourist market due to the complexity of the behaving system of tourists. Artificial neural networks, simulating some characteristics of human brain, are proved to be effective models to the analysis of complex system. They are composed of many simple intercommunicating neurons that work in parallel to solve a special problem. They are much faster and effective than most conventional methods, especially for complicated behavior system that are impacted by all kinds of different factors, for once a network has been set up, it can learn in a self-organizing way which has much common in the mimic simple biological nervous system. In this paper, a soundly trained self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is employed to the clustering of tourist market of the Wuyishan, a famous scenic spot in the Fujian province, the southeast of China. First, concerning the available data, 11 variables that have influence on the demand of tourists are selected. Second, through the factor analysis, those 11 variables are compressed to 3 orthogonal factors. Third, useing these 3 factors as input variables, a SOFM is set up. When the neural network is trained appropriately, it classifies the data sets. The results show that 31 provinces or autonomous regions are classified into 3 groups, which is consistent with the results of the questionnaire survey in Wuyishan scenic spot. The results also indicate that SOFM is an alternative effective quantitative approach in clustering of tourist market.

Fractal Characteristic of Regional Economic Relation Intensity and It's Application in Western China

ZHANG Xuehua,GUO Huaicheng,ZHANG Hongwei

2007, 43(2):  245-250. 

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Fractal method is introduced into the study of regional economy based on the analysis of human-environment complex system in western China. The spatial fractal characteristics are determined by the results from the economic relation intensity model. The economic relation intensities amongst different cities and counties in the Aikesu area are calculated and spatial distributions are analyzed, compared with the fundamental corresponding characteristics of self-affine fractal, thus providing guidance for the regional planning.

Research on Yellow River Water Purification Using the Combined Process Containing Ozonation-BAC Treatment

SHI Dongwen,XIE Shuguang,WANG Rui,HAN Haiyan,LIU Chunxia,XI Danli

2007, 43(2):  274-277. 

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The conventional treatment followed by Ozonation-BAC treatment was used for the treatment of polluted Yellow River water. The result indicated the conventional treatment unit performed well in reduction of COD _Mn, UV₂₅₄, chloroform precursors, algae and 2-methylisobornel, and Ozonation-BAC treatment unit could further effectively reduce these organic matters. The water quality of conventional treatment effluent could meet current Chinese drinking water criteria and thus subsequent advanced treatment was necessary. When the ozone dosage was 1mg/L the bromate ion in the finished water of the combined process was more than 10μg/L.

GPS Monitoring and GIS-Based Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Land Subsidence

DENG Qinghai,YUAN Renmao,MA Fengshan,LI Shude

2007, 43(2):  278-281. 

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As an example, the method of land subsidence monitoring by GPS was introduced in Jiangyin area, Jiangsu Province, China. The result stated that the precision of GPS data was able to satisfy the requirement of land subsidence monitoring. The authors discussed how to analyse the spatial and temporal law of subsidence based on GIS according to the GPS monitoring data. The GIS-based spatial and temporal analysis system for GPS data provided an advantaged method to analyze the law and correlation with the groundwater exploitation of the land subsidence.

Psychological Intervention on the Maintained Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomly Controlled Study

HOU Yongmei,HU Peicheng,WANG Mei,WU Jianling,MO Zhanyu

2007, 43(2):  265-273. 

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To study whether psychological intervention can improve maintained hemodialysis(MHD) patients' mental state, increase their compliance to treatment, and mend their physiological function and quality of life, seventy-seven MHD patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (39 patients) or the control group (38 patients). The control group received the conventional therapy which included hemodialysis 3 times/week and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) at dosages of 100unites/(kg·week^-1) to 150unites/(kg·week^-1) by i.v and subcutaneous injection. The intervention group received the conventional therapy combined with psychological intervention, which included brainwave synchronizer and progressive relaxation. Thirty-six patients of the intervention group and 34 patients of the control group completed the study. Psychological variables and hematic parameter in both groups were assessed three days before and after the intervention. The patients who received psychological intervention therapy showed better mental state, higher global quality of life and higher values of HB, RBC, HCT and serum calcium, lower values of serum phosphor, kalium, BUN and IWGR% than those in the control group. There is no significant difference in serum Scr between both groups.

Analysis of Dynamics of the Regional Cropland-Population-Grain System and Prediction of the Pressure on Cropland:The Case Study on Xingtai Prefecture of Hebei Province

LI Yuping,CAI Yunlong

2007, 43(2):  230-234. 

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Based on the analysis of the changes of the cropland, population and grain production during 1990 to 2004 in Xingtai Prefecture, the paper studies the changing characteristics of the pressure index on cropland and predicts the cropland, population, grain output and the pressure index on cropland in the coming 15 years. The results show that since 1990s the total output and the quantity per capita of grain have been increasing due to the increase of production per unit of cropland, although the cropland has been decreasing while the population increasing. Hence, the pressure index on cropland has tended to decrease. In the coming 15 years, the pressure index on cropland will be further decreased. Obviously, it is only through the increase of investment and the progress of science-technology to raise cropland productivity that the pressure on cropland will be reduced and the grain production guaranteed.

Theory and Practice of Choice Experiment: A Case Study on China's Sloping Land Conversion Program

ZHAI Guoliang,ZHANG Shiqiu,Kontoleon Andreas,Grosjean Pauline

2007, 43(2):  235-239. 

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Choice Experiment is one of the most important techniques for valuing environment and preference on policy instruments. It is based on Lancaster's characteristics theory of value and random utility theory. Using this technique, researchers can get the implied rank of related policy characteristics, and the willingness to pay for a policy which changes more than one attribute simultaneously. Thus the results will contribute to policy adjustment. This paper applies Choice Experiment to evaluate the Sloping Land Conversion Program, an important and one of the biggest ecological restoration programs in China. Policy recommendations are concluded based on the econometrical analysis.

Theory and Practice of the Maximum Effective Moment Criterion (MEMC)

ZHENG Yadong,WANG Tao,WANG Xinshe

2007, 43(2):  145-156. 

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Conjugate fractures have an acute angle to σ₁, while conjugate deformation zones with an obtuse angle to it. The acute angle can be explained with the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, whereas the obtuse one can be elucidated with the Maximum Effective Moment Criterion (MEMC), which is recently proposed. The MEMC is mathematically expressed as M_eff=0.5(σ₁-σ₃)Lsin2αsinα, where α₁-α₃ represents the yield strength of the related rock, L is a unit length and α is the angle between α₁ and deformation bands. This criterion demonstrates that the maximum value appears at angles of ±54.7° to α₁ and there is little difference in the moment in the range of 55°±10°. The range covers all the observations available from nature and experiments. In practice, it can be used for elucidate many geological structures such as kink-bands and extensional crenulation cleavages, yield zones in evaporates, low-angle normal faults and high-angle reverse faults, lozenge ductile shear zones in basement terranes, some crocodile structures in seismic profiles and detachment folds in foreland basins. It may be used to determine the stress state when the related deformation features formed and provides a new approach to determine the W_k of the related ductile shear zone. It can also be extended to explain the relationship between orogenic and late-orogenic extension events, and uplift and exhumation of ultrahigh pressure rocks that experienced deep subduction.

Characteristics of Cloud Systems and Environment of Persisting Rainstorms over Huaihe River Basin during the Summer of 2003

ZHENG Yongguang,CHEN Jiong,FEI Zengping,WANG Hongqing,ZHANG Yan

2007, 43(2):  157-165. 

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Based on the conventional observational data, NCEP final analysis and infrared images of GOES-9, the characteristics of cloud systems, large-scale environment, water vapor sources, and precipitation of persisting rainstorms over Huaihe River Basin during June 21-July 22 of 2003 were studied. This persisting-precipitation period can be separated to three stages, and the first stage has the maximum precipitation. The cloud systems are characterized by a large-scale cloud band associated with the Meiyu front and embodied smaller-scale active meso-scale complex systems (MCSs). According to the analysis from temperatures of black body (TBB) of infrared images, the MCSs with TBB less than -52℃ are the key synoptic systems caused heavy rains. It is found that there were 34 MCSs over Huaihe River Basin during June 21-July 22 of 2003. Most of these MCSs only locally occurred and dissipated over Huaihe River Basin and neighbor regions, and no MCS was found moving from Tibetan Plateau. In the lower troposphere, there are three currents transporting water vapor. One of the currents is from southwest. It crosses the equator and is most important for transporting water vapor. The second one is from South China Sea. It is the weakest one. The third is from the tropical Pacific Ocean to the east of Philippines.

REE Characteristics and Their Geological Implications of the Strata Bearing Panxian Fauna of the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province

TANG Bin,LIU Chuxiong,HAO Weicheng

2007, 43(2):  190-197. 

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The REE component variation rules indicate that the Yangjian section, where Panxian Fauna was found, was in a weakly reductive depositional environment in most of its aggradational time. The unconventional changes of the contents of REE in the samples were mainly influenced by the volcanism at that time; and there are two types and four subtypes of sedimentary provenance, which are from tholeiite and terrestrial debris accordingly. The composing characteristics of LREE, MREE and HREE in the sediment samples are very similar, which turns out to be a stable evolvement feature, and thus indicates that the section was once in a steady tectonic environment.

Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction:The Moderating Effect of Personality

LIU Songqi,GAN Yiqun

2007, 43(2):  251-256. 

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In this study the moderating effect of personality on the relation between organizational culture and job satisfaction was examined. About 168 enterprise employees who were from different kinds of organizations in two provinces of China were surveyed. Hierarchical regression was conducted to test the significance of interaction between organizational culture and job satisfaction. Two dimensions of organizational culture (team orientation, stability) and two dimension of personality (extraversion, relationship-orientation) were selected into the questionnaire. Data shows that: extraversion can moderate the effect of team orientation on job satisfaction. Relationship-orientation can moderate the effect of stability on job satisfaction. It was suggested that when designing institution and culture, managers should take employees' individual differences into consideration.

Identification of Puny Polar Components of Cicer arietinum L by GC-MS

WU Xia,ZHANG Xiu,YE Yunhua,ZHOU Yawei

2007, 43(2):  166-168. 

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Fatty acids and other puny polar components of Cicer arietinum were converted to their methyl ester and detected by GC-MS for the first time. 22 compounds have been identified from the seed of C. arietinum. Fatty acids are the main components. The content of fatty acids is 81.25%, and the contents of 9-octadecenoic acid (z)-methylester and 8, 11-octadecadienoic acid methylester are 28.00% and 38.60% respectively. This result indicated that the unsaturated fatty acids are rich in the seed of C. arietinum.

Study of Distributing Pattern of the Eastern Terminalof the Altyn Tagh Fault Zones

GONG Jianye,ZHANG Zhicheng,ZHANG Chen,GUO Zhaojie,WANG Xiaofeng

2007, 43(2):  169-175. 

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Based on the high quality ETM images and combining with macroscopic and outcrop-scale observations in the field, the authors proposed a new interpretation of the eastern section that past the Qilian Shan of the Altyn Tagh Fault. Four branch faults attached to the main fault are found with a considerable scale and left-lateral strike -slip. This paper concludes that the Altyn Tagh Fault, in a form of "arborization", disappeared in the Jiuxi Basin and Huahai Basin.

Early Cretaceous Lithospheric Thinning of Northern Margin of the North China Craton: Evidence from Pb Isotope of Shoshonite

LI Yi,WU Tairan,LUO Hongling,ZHAO Lei

2007, 43(2):  176-182. 

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The early Cretaceous basalts in the Siziwangqi area, Inner Mongolia, are characterized by shoshonite. These rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE),light rare earth elements (LREE), and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE). The chemical characteristics are similar to the oceanic island basalt (OIB). Trace element ratios such as Rb/Nb, K/Nb, Zr/Nb, Th/Nb and Th/La are consistent with the EM1-OIB geochemical signatures. Their ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios are in the ranges of 17.18 to 17.81, 15.40 to 15.50 and 37.54 to 38.05, respectively, showing the EM1 geochemical signatures. The progressive enrichment of lead concentration with almost unchanging Pb isotopic ratios, preclude the possibility that the magmas were contaminated by crustal materials. The shoshonitic parental magma was derived from the small degree decompression melting of asthenosphere mantle. The Siziwangqi shoshonite is the product of lithospheric thinning of the North China craton.

Career Identity Achievement and Its Correlated Factors of Individualin Their First Employment

LIU Qiuying,SU Yanjie

2007, 43(2):  257-264. 

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This study aimed to explore career identity achievement and its correlated factors of individual's first employment in the changing organization and working environment. 158 employees in their first employment rated each item of the career identity achievement questionnaire, work stressor questionnaire, work experience source questionnaire, information of self-efficacy source questionnaire, and Chinese Self-Efficacy Scale. 152 questionnaires were returned validly. The results shows that there are negative correlation between career identity achievement and work stressor, r=-0.476(p＜0.01), positive correlation between career identity achievement and work experience which come from different approaches, r=0.444(p＜0.01), positive correlation between career identity achievement and the information of self-efficacy which come from different approaches, r=0.407(p＜0.01). The sum of the indirect affect to career identity achievement which comes from working years was 0.21, and working years explained 4.55% variation of career identity achievement. The results also show that working years might significantly influence career identity achievement(F(2,151)=10.82, p<0.001) and role conflict(F(2,151)=21.20, p<0.001), and might affect the relationship of role conflict and career identity achievement. It suggested that the exploration and effort were active to career identity achievement.

Discussion on Chemo-Stratigraphic Characteristics of Boundary Bed between the Top Part of the Ordovician and the Basal Part of the Silurian at Dawangou Section, Keping, Xinjiang

PI Xuejun,LIU Chuxiong,CHEN Ying,SUN Zuoyu,HAO Weicheng

2007, 43(2):  183-189. 

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Chemo-stratigraphic analysis will help to solve the problem of the Ordovician-Silurian Boundary, which might locate in the bed of mudstone intercalated with dolostone from the top part of the Lower Member to the basal part of the Middle Member of the Kepingtage formation at the Dawangou Section in the Keping County. Systematically collected seventy two samples were measured by ICP, and data were compared and emended. The w(Ce)/w(La) chemo-stratigraphic analysis indicates that this bed can be subdivided into three chemo-beds. The chemo-fluctuation might reflect the fluctuation of oxidation-deoxidation, and can be correlated with the changes of fossils. The chemo-spike might be corresponding with the anomaly around the boundary of the Ordovician-Silurian at the east Yangtze Gorger.

Uncertainty Reasoning and Its Application in the Slope Geological Hazard Zonation

CONG Weiqing,PAN Mao,LI Tiefeng

2007, 43(2):  198-203. 

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The uncertainty reasoning especially the probability reasoning was imported into the slope geological hazard zonation. Based on the analysis on the uncertain factor method, subjective bayes method, bayes network method and influence diagram method, the methods of their usage in the slope geological hazard zonation were pointed. A new way of the hazard zonation based on the uncertainty reasoning which is a development of the traditional methods was promoted and tested in Xiuyan County of Anshan city in Liaoning Province.

Study on Interpretation of Rain-Induced Group Shallow Landslides Based on Multi-Period SPOT-5 Remote Sensing Images

LI Tiefeng,XU Yueren,PAN Mao,CONG Weiqing,WEN Mingsheng,LIAN Jianfa

2007, 43(2):  204-210. 

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During time from June 17-23 in 2005, an extraordinary storm event happened in Jian'ou city, Fujian province; it induced lots of small and medium scale shallow landslides. This paper describes the treating process to get fusion SPOT-5 images using geometric correction, spatial calibration, image enhancement, data fusion and other processing methods based on panchromatic and multi-spectral SPOT-5 images before and after the event, taking the method of comparative analysis using the fusion images and field survey to gain the key interpretation to getting the total information of 2186 landslides. The paper also gets the 92 percent of field affirming exactness using field validation method by choosing 300 interpreted landslides randomly from all of 2186 ones at last. According to the research, using fusion SPOT-5 images in the application of abstraction of small and medium scale landslide information is available.

A Review of Experimental Studies on Inattentional Blindness

GENG Haiyan,CAI Wenjing

2007, 43(2):  282-287. 

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When people are engaged in something, they often fail to notice the other objects presented in front of them. This phenomenon is known as "inattentional blindness". Authors primarily reviewed three main experimental paradigms of inattentional blindness: the static paradigm based on computer display, the selective looking paradigm and the sustained dynamic paradigm. Some central questions were also discussed, such as the relationship between inattentional blindness and attention capture, and the implicit perception in inattentional blindness. Research on inattentional blindness not only helps to develop the theory of attention, but also bring in a new perspective on understanding of the relationship between attention and consciousness.

Hazard Assessment of Debris Flow Based on Geomorphic InformationEntropy in Catchment

WANG Xiaopeng,PAN Mao,REN Qunzhi

2007, 43(2):  211-215. 

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Debris flow is the special disaster occurred in the catchments, which is controlled by the geomorphic system. The theory of geomorphic information entropy which can be used to indict the characteristics of evolution of landforms is the combination of information and Strahler's area-altitude analysis. So, it is possible to use geomorphic information entropy to study debris flow catchments and make hazard assessment of debris flow catchments. This paper carries the geomorphic information entropy analysis on the geomorphologic evaluation stage of 21 debris flow catchments in Hadabei, which is located in the southwest part of Xiuyan County with damaged debris flows in 1982. According to the result, the geomorphic information entropy analysis on debris flow catchments is objective, credible, easy to carry out and helpful for evaluation, warning and reduction of debris flow.

Study on Simplification of Contour Lines Preserving Topological Coherence

ZHANG Chuanming,PAN Mao,WU Huanping,XU Huihong

2007, 43(2):  216-222. 

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Contour lines are lines connecting points of equal elevation. In maps of smaller scale derived from original map, they should be simplified so as to have acceptable visual effect for the target scale representation and hence simplification of contour lines is known as an important issue in cartographic generalization. There are many researches on line simplification. Among all the algorithms, Douglas-Peucker algorithm is recognized as the most visually effective way, which delivers the best perceptual representations of the original lines. On the other hand, classical D-P algorithm also has some drawbacks especially potential topological error. It is difficult to preserve topological consistency between simplified lines and original lines. Self-intersection or intersection of generalized lines may be yielded after D-P algorithm. In this paper, a pre-processing algorithm is proposed to divide contour lines safely based on constrained Delaunay triangulation and self-adaptive monotone chain, which is theoretically proved to preserve topological coherence after sequent D-P algorithm. Testing results show that original data can be compressed down to 10% through simplification, while no intersection or self-intersection occurs.

Characteristics and Tendencies of Climate Change in the Southwestern Karst Region of China in the Recent 45 Years

WANG Jun,MENG Jijun

2007, 43(2):  223-229. 

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Climate change has seasonal and regional characteristics. Many researchers have paid more attention to regional climate change in China. This paper analyzes characteristics and tendencies of climate change in the southwestern karst region of China in the recent 45 years (1960—2004) using wavelet analysis, artificial neural network and GIS spatial interpolation analysis, and so on. The results show that this regional climate change demonstrates significant periodic variations. The principal period of temperature variations is about 7 years, and the principal period of rainfall variations is about 25 years. It also has obvious seasonal characteristics and regional variations. By calculating seasonal temperature and rainfall variation rates with spatial interpolation, regional distributions of seasonal temperature and rainfall variations are obtained. Temperature and rainfall variations during the past 45 years are classified by means of SOFM network. Spatial distributions of the temperature and rainfall variations are obtained using spatial interpolation analysis. Finally, climate tendency is predicted with the RBFN model. Results show that variations of temperature and rainfall are both in a relatively low value period during 2005—2010.