土地利用/覆被的剧烈变化对深圳市气温的影响

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.068

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于 Landsat 遥感影像解译得到 1986 年和 2011 年深圳市土地利用/覆被数据, 采用中尺度气候模式WRF/UCM, 在较高分辨率的地形资料和城市冠层参数支持下, 将两个时期的土地利用/覆被作为模式强迫参量, 分别进行两组数值模拟试验。将模拟结果与自动气象站点观测数据进行对比和验证, 发现 WRF 模式能够较准确地反映深圳市月平均气温西高东低的空间分布特征。1986—2011 年, 深圳市在快速城市化进程中发生大规模的土地利用/覆被变化, 引起近地表气温整体上呈现增高趋势。其中, 7 月增温幅度(0.91℃)普遍大于 1 月(0.42℃), 各种自然植被覆盖型用地转变成城镇建设用地的升温幅度大多为 0.70~1.57℃。主要原因是城镇建设用地扩张导致地表反照率减小, 净辐射和感热通量增加, 潜热交换变弱。

关键词: WRF/UCM模式, 土地利用/覆被变化, 近地表气温, 深圳

Abstract:

Based on the Landsat remote sensing images of 1986 and 2011, higher resolution terrain data and 2-D urban fraction values, the impact of land use and land cover change (LUCC) on the near-surface air temperature is investigated for Shenzhen by carrying out two sets of numerical experiments using the weather research and forecasting model (WRF) coupled with the Noah urban canopy model. Comparison with measured near-surface air temperatures of 40 ground-based atmospheric observatories in the region shows a good agreement between observed and simulated data for the simulation periods. The results indicate significant contributions of urban sprawl and accompanying LUCC to the near-surface air temperature. Simulations suggest that LUCC has caused average temperatures with an increase of up to 0.42°C in January and 0.91°C in July respectively. The conversion from natural vegetation covers into urban and built-up area results in a decrease in surface albedo and thereby enhances the surface net solar radiation and the sensible heat flux, which leads to the most obvious warming effect.

Key words: WRF/UCM model, land use and land cover changes (LUCC), near-surface air temperature, Shenzhen

中图分类号:

P404

连婧慧, 王钧, 曾辉. 土地利用/覆被的剧烈变化对深圳市气温的影响[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(4): 692-700.

Jinghui LIAN, Jun WANG, Hui ZENG. Impacts of Dramatic Land Use Change on the Near-Surface Air Temperature in Shenzhen[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(4): 692-700.

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链接本文: https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.068

https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V53/I4/692

图/表 9

图1 深圳市40个自动气象站分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of 40 ground-based atmospheric observatories

图2 1986年和2011年土地利用类型

Fig. 2 Maps of LUCC data in 1986 and 2011

图3 WRF模式嵌套网格设计

Fig. 3 Domain of the simulations

表1 WRF模拟试验设计

Table 1 Summary of numerical experiments carried out

模式参数名称	参数设定
土地利用/覆被数据	控制实验(REF):2011年敏感性试验(ST):1986年
模拟时段	2011?01?01至2011?01?31 2011?07?01至2011?07?31
输出时间步长	360/360/60 min
初始场和侧边界条件	ERA-Interim全球再分析数据(0.75°×0.75°)
分辨率	水平: 9 km, 3 km, 1 km 垂直: 50层

图4 2011年1月和7月观测与WRF模式模拟的气温

Fig. 4 Observed and simulated temperatures in January and July in 2011

图5 1986和2011年土地利用/覆被引起的气温变化

Fig. 5 LUCC-induced monthly average temperature changes in 1986 and 2011

表2 主要土地利用/覆被及其气温变化

Table 2 LUCC-induced monthly average temperature changes

土地利用/覆被变化	1月		7月
土地利用/覆被变化	平均温度/℃	标准差/℃	平均温度/℃	标准差/℃
耕地/草地→建设用地	0.82	0.20	1.57	0.18
耕地/林地→建设用地	0.76	0.24	1.47	0.16
混合型森林→建设用地	0.75	0.20	1.38	0.21
湿地→建设用地	0.70	0.14	1.22	0.17
混合型森林→耕地/林地	0.24	0.19	0.52	0.17
常绿阔叶林→耕地/林地	0.13	0.17	0.42	0.13
混合型森林→常绿阔叶林	0.12	0.20	0.36	0.22
常绿阔叶林→混合型森林	0.07	0.08	0.28	0.18

图6 深圳市1986—2011年1月和7月平均温度变化趋势

Fig. 6 Background temperature changes in January and July over 1986?2011

图7 1986年和2011年主要土地利用/覆被及其地表辐射和能量变化

Fig. 7 Major LUCC and its changes of surface radiations and energy budgets in 1986 and 2011

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