The northern West Siberian Basin developed tectonic activity during the Triassic period with the development of rift systems and throughout the Mesozoic-Cenozoic era with the formation of numerous local tectonic uplifts. In view of the fact that there is no unified and clear understanding on the formation mechanisms of the geological features, this paper presents a detailed analysis of deep linear structures of the pre-Mesozoic basement, the tectonic evolution of sedimentary cover, the paleogeomorphology, and tectonic activity processes of Yamal-Gyda region. The results reveal that: 1) Deep linear structures can be categorized into four groups of directions, NW, NE, nearly E-W and nearly N-S. The NW and NE linear structures are the structural responses of the folds, thrusts, reverse faults and strike-slip faults of the pre-Mesozoic basement linked to the Ural fold system. The nearly N-S lineaments are clearly identifiable normal faults that mark the western boundary of the Triassic rifting graben. 2) Normal faults (stretching) and anticlines (compression) exhibit identical tectonic orientations. These structures developed sequentially, first through dextral strike-slip faulting in the NW direction and subsequently through sinistral strike-slip faulting in the NE direction. Anticlines formed under the influence of these dual strike-slip movements, with most normal faults developing during the dominant right-lateral phase. 3) The initiation of most uplifts and faults occurred during the Jurassic period, followed by multiple episodes of reactivation of deep linear structures. These tectonic activities are closely linked to Late Cimmerian folding, the collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate, as well as widespread regional extensional and rifting processes across the northern part of the Eurasian continent. 4) The majority of uplifts are likely tied to differential vertical movements generated during the activation of deep linear structures. The NE and NNE-trending uplifts and lineaments correlate with folds, reverse faults, and thrust faults associated with the Urals-Novaya Zemlya fold belt, while NW-trending uplifts and lineaments correspond to the dextral strike-slip faults across the Eurasia continent.