北京大学学报自然科学版 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 354-360.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2021.117

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基于实际大气颗粒物环境的口罩防护作用研究

姜玫婕1, 张鹏2, 宫继成1,†    

  1. 1. 北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境健康系, 北京 100871 2. 北京市劳动保护科学研究所, 北京 100054
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-21 修回日期:2021-05-14 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 宫继成, E-mail: jicheng.gong(at)pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家大气污染防治攻关项目(DQGG0405-1)资助 

Study on Filtration Efficiency of Facemask for Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Real Environment

JIANG Meijie1, ZHANG Peng2, GONG Jicheng1,†   

  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 2. Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing 100054
  • Received:2021-04-21 Revised:2021-05-14 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-03-20
  • Contact: GONG Jicheng, E-mail: jicheng.gong(at)pku.edu.cn

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摘要：

选取5种口罩对北京市不同污染程度的真实环境中4种大气颗粒物的防护作用进行分析, 研究颗粒物粒径、口罩种类、吸气流速和环境大气PM2.5浓度对口罩防护作用的影响。结果表明, 4种因素均对口罩防护作用具有显著影响。口罩的颗粒物防护作用呈现随颗粒物粒径增加而升高的趋势。4种KN95或KN90口罩对实际大气颗粒物的防护作用可以达到80%, 一次性医用外科口罩的防护作用远低于以上4种。气体流速也显著地影响口罩的防护作用, 可能是由于在不同流速下滤料性能和泄漏率的差异。环境大气PM2.5浓度对不同口罩防护作用的影响较为复杂, 未呈现简单的相关性。

关键词: 大气颗粒物, 口罩, 防护作用, 影响因素, 实际大气 

Abstract:

Five kinds of respirators were selected to analyze the protective performance of four kinds of atmospheric particulate matter in the real environment of Beijing with different pollution levels, and the effects of particle, respirator types, inspiratory flow rate and atmospheric PM2.5 concentration on the protective performance of respirators were studied. The results showed that the four factors had significant effects on the protective performance of the facemasks. The particle protective performance of facemasks increased with the increase of particle size. The protective performance of four types of KN95 or KN90 facemasks for actual atmospheric particles could reach 80%, while the protective performance of disposable medical surgical facemasks was far lower than the above four types. The inspiratory flow also significantly affected the protective performance of the facemask, possibly due to the difference in filter material performance and leakage rate at different flow rates. The influence of atmospheric PM2.5 concentration on the protective performance of different facemasks was complex 
and there was not a simple correlation.

Key words: atmospheric particulate matter, facemasks, filtration efficiency, influencing factors, real environment

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