北京大学学报自然科学版 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 479-490.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2020.022

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黄河下游宽河段沿岸地区土地利用景观格局特征

程舒鹏1, 孙煜航2, 姜晗琳1, 赵志杰1,2, 李振山1, 薛安1,†   

  1. 1. 北京大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100871 2. 北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院, 深圳 518055
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-26 修回日期:2019-05-13 出版日期:2020-05-20 发布日期:2020-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 薛安, E-mail: xuean(at)iee.pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0402505)资助

Landscape Pattern Characteristics of Land Use along the Wide Reaches of the Lower Yellow River

CHENG Shupeng1, SUN Yuhang2, JIANG Hanlin1, ZHAO Zhijie1,2, LI Zhenshan1, XUE An1,†   

  1. 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 2. School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055
  • Received:2019-03-26 Revised:2019-05-13 Online:2020-05-20 Published:2020-05-20
  • Contact: XUE An, E-mail: xuean(at)iee.pku.edu.cn

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摘要：

以2015年11类15 m×15 m土地利用空间分布栅格数据为基础, 基于景观格局指数, 对比和分析黄河下游宽河段沿岸县域、滩区和滞洪区内土地利用景观格局特征以及宽河段滩区两侧18个2 km缓冲区内土地利用景观格局梯度特征。结果表明: 旱地是沿岸县域范围内的优势景观, 其次是农村居民地, 两者占沿岸县域总面积的80%以上, 水田与其他水域具有一定的规模, 而草地规模较小; 受人类活动、功能定位和自然条件等因素影响, 黄河下游宽河段沿岸县域、滩区和滞洪区内土地利用景观格局存在明显的空间差异; 县域滩外区域分布有斑块规模大且较密集的建设用地, 景观破碎度高, 斑块形状复杂, 东平湖滞洪区景观多样性高, 呈现以水域为主体的复合生态景观, 其余滞洪区林地和草地规模小, 斑块密度低, 景观异质性较低, 宽滩区内整体景观破碎程度低于滩外区域, 游荡段滩区景观多样性较高, 建设用地规模相对较大; 宽河段滩区两侧6 km范围内, 水田和其他水域规模大, 分布密集, 城镇用地规模较小, 整体景观多样性高且较破碎, 6~18 km是过渡区域, 距离20 km以上景观格局基本上趋于稳定。

关键词: 黄河下游, 土地利用, 景观格局, 区域差异, 梯度分析

Abstract:

Based on the 15 m×15 m spatial distribution raster data of 11 types of land use in 2015 and the landscape pattern index, the landscape pattern characteristics of land use in the counties, floodplains and flood detention areas along the wide reaches of the Lower Yellow River, and gradient characteristics of the landscape patterns of land use in the 18 2km-buffer zones on both sides, are compared and analyzed. The results show that the dry farmland is the dominant landscape within the counties along the wide reaches, followed by the rural residential land, and they account for more than 80% of the total area of the counties. The paddy fields and the other categories of waters have a certain scale and the scale of the grassland is small. Influenced by factors such as functional orientation and natural conditions, there are obvious spatial differences in land use landscape patterns in the counties, floodplains and flood detention areas along the wide reaches of the Lower Yellow River. There are large-scale and densely-distributed construction land in the extra-floodplains area of the counties, the landscape fragmentation of which is high and the patch shape is complex. The landscape diversity of the Dongping Lake flood detention area is high, showing a complex ecological landscape with waters as the main body, and in the other two flood detention areas, the scale of woodland and grassland is small, the patch density and the landscape heterogeneity is low. The overall landscape fragmentation in the wide reaches’ floodplains is lower than that in the extra-floodplains area, the landscape diversity of the wandering reaches’ floodplains is relatively high, and the construction land is relatively large. Within 6 km of the two sides of the wide reaches, the paddy fields and the other categories of waters are large in scale and densely distributed, the scale of the urban land is small, and the overall landscape diversity in this region is high and relatively fragmented; the transition region is from about 6 km to 18 km; the landscape patterns tends to be stable over 20 km away.

Key words: Lower Yellow River, land use, landscape pattern, regional differences, gradient analysis

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