Table of Content

20 November 1998, Volume 34 Issue 6

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The Synthesis and Separating of S, S-and R, S-5-benzoyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-Pyrrolizine-1-Carboxyl-Amino Acid Esters

LU Yiming,GUO Jian,HUA Wenting

1998, 34(6):  731-734. 

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The title compounds 2-7 have been synthesized.This paper provides asimple and convenient separation method of diasteromers from 5-benzdyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-Pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid and amino acid esters.

The Effect of Adsorption of Surfactants on Stability of Suspension of Alumina Powders

WANG Shun,ZHAO Zhenguo,LIU Yingqing,QIAN Cheng

1998, 34(6):  735-740. 

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The adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDBS), tetradecyl pyridinechloride (TPC) and Triton X-100 (TX-100) onto the alumina powders at various pH was studied. The ξ-potential of the particles and the stability of the suspension in water were determined. The main results are as follows. (1) At suitable pH, the adsorption isotherms are LS type for SDBS and TPC. At higher concentration of surfactants, association on the surface occurs to form a close-packed monolayer. The orientation of hydrophilic group to water phase was inferred from values of adsorption limit, surface area and molecular dimensions. The sign of ξ-potential of alumina powder was opposite to the original one in lower concentration of SDBS or TPC, and the values of ξ-potential increased with increasing concentration. The stability of suspension of alumina powders is a function of SDBS or TPC concentration and displays an V-shaped curve with increasing concentration at lower concentration. (2) At pH 6.9 and higher concentration, monolayer on the surface of alumina was formed by adsorption of TX-100. In the monolayer the hydrophilic EO group interact with the hydroxy of surface and the hydrophilic group is in water phase. Then the stability of the suspension of alumina powders is lower than that of the suspension at lower concentration of TX-100.

The Study of Mass Spectrum of Fused Pyrrole Derivatives

YU Zhenpei,WANG Zhanyue,HE Xiaoran,LIN Xiaoyuan,HUA Wenting

1998, 34(6):  709-713. 

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The fragmentation process of cycloolefino [b] pyrrole in EI MS and FAB MS have been studied. It was that hydrogen rearrangement by initiation of radical-site and loss of ketenes, occur to form 2-ethyl formate-3-hydroxy-cycloolefino [b] pyrrole ions, followed by loss of an ethanol by ortho effect, loss of CO, and reducing pyrrole ring formed by loss of CO or HCN. Furthermore Retro-Diels-Alder reaction occur for some of cyclohexeno [b] pyrrole derivatives.

Study of Separation of Substituted Piperazine by CZE and HPLC

SHENG Chunli,ZHOU Xin,JIN Sheng

1998, 34(6):  714-719. 

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The CZE and HPLC separation of substituted piperazine designed and synthesized by our research group was investigated. In CZE the influence of pH value of the buffer, the source of the capillary, the type and concentration of the buffer was examined. The complete separation of I and III was not obtained becauseof their similar electrophoretic migration velocity under the optimized conditions of CZE. In HPLC the complete separation of the four compounds was obtained employing 85% acetonitrile-15% water as the mobile phase. It demonstrated the two separation techniques based on different separation mechanism may be complementary each other for the separation of drugs.

Analysis of Volatile Components in Ox Feces by Capillary Gas Chromatography

DING Qiang,DENG Yue,SUN Yufang,HUANG Aijin,SUN Yiliang

1998, 34(6):  720-725. 

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According to the traditional Chinese medicine, it was reported that the volatiles of the ox feces are effective in curing many illness. We collected the volatiles of ox feces by using a simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) equipment. The chemical composition of the enriched volatiles was examined by means of capillary gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 50 constituents of the volatiles were preliminarily identified by GC-MS, which amounted to 70.92% of the total peak areas. Of these compounds, 24 were further verified by measuring their temperature-programmed retention indexes or retention times on SE-54 and PEG-20M columns and making comparison with those of the corresponding authentic samples, which amounted to 34.68% of the total peak areas. Another 8 constituents of the volatiles were verified by making comparison with the data in The Sadtler Standard Gas Chromatography Retention Index Library, which amounted to 6.09% of the total peak areas. The main constituents of the volatiles are hexanal (6.20%), dimethyl trisulfide (5.48%), dimethyl disulfide (4.55%), nonanal (4.35%), dimethyl tetrasulphide (3.96%), octanal (3.61%), heptanal (3.22%). The compound classes consist of aldehydes (14), alcohols (3), ketones (12) and acids (2).

Investigation on Structure of Mixed Monolayer by AFM

ZHANG Pu,ZHU Buyao,LIU Zhongfan

1998, 34(6):  726-730. 

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Mixed monolayers of surfactants were investigated by AFM and LB technique. Condensed monolayer of C₁₈H₃₇SO₃Na-C₈F₁₇COOH mixture shows two dimensional phaseseparation and crystallization. C₁₈H₃₇SO₃Na forms hexagonal domains dispersing in thecontinuous two dimensional phase of C₈F₁₇COOH; C₁₂H₂₃SO₄Na-C₁₈H₃₇N(CH₃)₃Brmixture forms a homogeneous mixed monolayer; while the mixed monolayer of C₁₈H₃₇N(CH₃)₃Br and C₈F₁₇COOH mixture shows heterogeneous in microscope. Relations between structure and state of mixed monolayer to the interactions between their hydrophilic groups and that between their hydrophobic groups have been revealed.

Study on A Nitrogen-Fixing Pantoea Agglomeras Isolated from the Root of Sugar Cane

LI Xinghong,LI Dachei,LI Wei,PENG Lie

1998, 34(6):  741-745. 

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A strain of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, W11, isolated from the root of sugar cane has been identificated as Pantoea agglomeras using an auto-identificat ion system for bacterium based on 96 biochemical test data. W11 has the properties of tolerance to acid(pH3.5) and high sucrose concentration (30%), A amount of acid was formed and reduced the acidity of medium to pH of 4.41, the nitrogenase activity was inhibited in presence of 3.1mmol NH₄NO₃ or 58.5mmol NaNO₃. The optimum growth and maximum nitrogenase activity of W11 occurs at the medium containing 10% sucrose and 0.25g/L sodium glutamate, pH5.5, 28-30^oC. Its behaviours of tolerance to acid and high sucrose concentration, acid production and the use of carbon substrates is simiiar to that the Acetobacter diazotrophicus has. The strain W11 was inferred to have a nitrogen-fixing relationship associated with the root of sugar cane.

The UV Induced Grafting of SuMA onto PET Fiber and Its Application of Immobilization of Protein

LI Jun,YI Min,LIU Ning,HA Hongfei

1998, 34(6):  746-751. 

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The monomer of SuMA or SuMA and HEMA was grafted onto the PET fibers successfully under UV irradiation by the use of NaIO₄ instead of the degassing process. Under the same concentration of SuMA, the use of HEMA could enhance the grafting yield of SuMA onto PET fibers obviously comparing with the process which only SuMA was used. As expected, proteins of trypsin and hepatitis surface antibody were immobilized onto the SuMA grafted PET fibers successfully under the neutral aqueous solutions, which was realized through the reaction between the active ester group of SuMA and amino group of protein. Although the use of HEMA during UV grafting could improve the grafting yield of SuMA onto PET fibers, the special impede on the couple reaction of SuMA and proteins caused by the grafted HEMA on PET remarkably inhibited the immobilization of protein, made the amount of immobilized protein lower than that of the only SuMA grafted samples.

Ultrastructure of Synapses between Neurons and Smooth Muscle Cells in Segmental Ganglia of Leech Whitmania pigra

SHEN Duanwen,WANG Li,ZHANG Renji

1998, 34(6):  752-758. 

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Anterior pagoda (AP) neurons of leeches were marked by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The intercellular connection were observed under transmission electron microscope between the smooth muscle cells in outer capsule and inner capsule of the neural ganglion, and between the marked axonal terminals of AP neuron and smooth muscle cells. Usually, single smooth muscle cell spread over the outer and inner capsules of ganglia in the shape of spindle-and elliptical-like respectively. There are two kinds of filaments:thin and thick filaments and dense patches in the smooth muscle cells. The membrane of smooth muscle cells grew out protrusions. Many glycogen granules, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum can be seen in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle cells. The distance between embedded smooth muscle cells in outer capsule ranges from 13.1 to 26.1 nm. This paper is the first report on the synapses formed between axonal processes and smooth muscle cells in the outer capsule of leech ganglion, for the chemical synapse the intercellular cleft is measured in 10.2 to 15.3nm; as for the width of intercellular gap between the marked AP axonal terminal and smooth muscle cell of the outer capsule ranges from 2 to 2.5nm that corresponded to the width of gap junction.

Preparation and use of Antisera Against Rat Hepatic Lipase

YU Ruiyuan,EBERT D L

1998, 34(6):  759-764. 

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According to rat hepatic lipase (RHL) cDNA nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence, 3 polypeptides that correspond to amino, carboryl termini and middle part of RHL were chemically synthesized, coupled to carrierprotein keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH) respectively and then used as immunogens in rabbits. Antisera were raised and the titer (1:51200-102400) were detectable by ELISA. The antisera were applied to check the existing of RHL and their gene expression product by western blotting.

The Paleogeographical Position and Drifting of the Southern China Plate in Devonian

BAI Zhiqiang

1998, 34(6):  807-812. 

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The Southern China plate is located near paleoequator in Devonian. Nayi, Guangxi, is at 0°36'N at Early-Middle Devonian. Muhua, Guizhou, was at 4°10'12''N at Devonian-Carboniferous. It was in the warm and moist climate near paleoequater that the various kinds of biota such as invertebrate, vertebrate, plant developed separately, and had higher diversification. Carboniferous rock deposited at the same time. South China plate slowly moved from south to north in Devonian. The drifting velocity was 0.25-0.26cm per year. The drift of south China Plate maybe related to activity of Terthys ocean.

Genetic Analysis of Tetrahymena by Diversity Sequence Clustering Algorithm

GAO Chongming,LI Yixiu,CHENG Qiansheng,ZHOU Xiaobo

1998, 34(6):  765-769. 

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The diversity sequence clustering algorithm was used to analysis regulation of macromuclear DNA amount of the cells during vegetative growth of three strain clone of T. Shanghaiensis.The mechanism of regulating the threshold value of macronuclear DNA amount is discussed. Our results show that the diversity sequence clustering algorithm has a general biological significance.

A Study on Homological Analysis of Intermediate Filament Proteins

ZHAO Dazhong,ZHAO Yun,CHEN Danying,SUN Yingli,ZHAI Zhonghe,ZHAI Junhui,WANG Guoli

1998, 34(6):  770-774. 

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It was revealed that 3 conservative sequences through homologically analysising among 31 intermediate filament proteins by workstation, which not only could contribute to studying the origin and evolution of intermediate filament proteins, but also cloning the intermediate filament genes from higher plant.

Distribution of Iridium in Different Size Fractions at the N/Q Boundary in Loess:Implications for an Asteroid Impact 2.4 Ma Ago

MA Peixue,HOU Quanlin,CHAI Chifang,XU Heling,WU Xihao

1998, 34(6):  775-782. 

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The loess samples from the Neogene/Quaternary boundary in the Duanjiapo Loess Section, Shaanxi Province, China, were separated into four size fractions: sand (>0.000105m); course silt (0.000105-0.00003m); fine silt (0.00003-0.000002m) and clay (<0.000002m) using a gravity separation procedure, and the contents of Ir and some other elements in each size fraction were determined by RNAA and INAA. The analytical results indicate that the distribution of Ir in different size fractions is rather heterogeneous. The Ir content in each size fraction decreases in the following order: clay>fine silt>sand>course silt. The majority of excess Ir (55%-91%) is concentrated in the fine particle materials. Except for gold, other elements including chalcophile elements such as As, Sb, Bi, show significantly different distribution patterns from Ir. It is obvious that the sources of Ir were different from other elements, and the enrichment of Ir near the boundary was originated neither from volcanic activities nor from supergene geochemistry, but might be related to the extraterrestrial impact event of 2.4Ma ago occurred at the Southeast Pacific. This suggests that the explosive dustsproduced by that impact might be dispersed into north hemisphere. As a rough approximation, it can be estimated from the excess fluency of Ir in loess that the total amount of Ir associated with this impact was about 17.2kt and the mass of impact projectile was 3.6Gt, corresponding to a diameter of 2.6km(for a composition of C1 chondrite). Such a hugeimpact event was quite efficient to induce global climatic catastrophes.

The Progress of Antiosteoporosis Research of Calthepsin L Antagonists

ZHAO Gang,LI Chongxi

1998, 34(6):  844-849. 

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Osteoporosis is the most commonly occurred metabolic bone disease. Osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly populations in many parts of the world. As the coming of old age society, the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has become an urgent problem. The cathepsin L antagonists can effectively inhibit bone resorption, so it has a good prospect of treating osteoporosis. This article reviewed the progress of antiosteoporosis research of cathepsin L antagonists.

Geochemistry and Age of the Precambrian Metamorphic Sedimentary Rock in the Mianning, Sichuan province

NI Zhiyao,MO Huaiyi

1998, 34(6):  783-792. 

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The Precambrian metamorphic sedimentary rock may be divided into two types:metamorphic detrial sedimentary rock and metamorphic chemical sedimentary rock in the Youheimu area, Mianning, Sichuan Province. The former includes the biotite-plagioclase granulite, mica-quartz schist and metamorphic feldspar-quartz sandstone, and contains more SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Rb, Cs, Ba, U and Th, but less CaO and Sr. They show more remarkablynegative Eu anomaly and slight negative Ce anomaly, the chondrite-normalized Eu/Eu^*,Ce/Ce^* and (La/Yb)CN are separately 0.64, 0.93 and 2.96. The later is only the marble, andcontains more CaO and Sr, but less SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Rb, Cs, Ba, U and Th. It shows moreremarkably negative Ce anomaly and slight negative Eu anomaly, the chondrite-normalized Eu/Eu^*, Ce/Ce^* and (La/Yb)CN are separately 0.91, 0.76 and 3.98. Geochemicalcharacteristics of REE for two metamorphic sedimentary rocks indicate that their original rock was formed through hydrothermal sedimentation between Early and Middle Proterozoic in the tectonic setting of continental island arc to oceanic island arc, and the age of metamorphism is between Middle and Late Proterozoic.

Aromatic Biomarker Composition Characteristics of Three Kinds of Tertiary Brown Coals in Guangxi

ZENG Fangang,TUO Jincai,LI Yuan,CAI Chunfang

1998, 34(6):  793-800. 

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The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of three kinds of tertiary brown coals from Guangxi have been characterized in detail. They are composed mainly of aromatic sesqui-, di-, sester-and triterpenoid hydrocarbons, with tri-and tetra-aromatic triterpenoid derived from terrestrial oleanane, ursane and lupane as the predominant species. Secondary in abundance are aromatic sester- and sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons, but aromatic diterpenoids, most of the regular PAH are found at trace levels only. It indicates that hydrocarbons derived from angiospermare main composition of aromatic hydrocarbon. Three kinds of brown coals are good source rocks that have potential producing aromatic base crude.

An Organic Petrological Research on Rock-Eval Pyrolysis Parameters of Coal from the Jurassic in Santanghu Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China

HUO Yongzhong,ZENG Fangang,WANG Guanyu

1998, 34(6):  801-806. 

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A series of the Jurassic coals in Santanghu Basin has been studied by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, white microscopy, and element analysis, with an aim of evaluation of coals type. The results obtained by Rock-Eval pyrolysis are different from those by the other approaches. The influences, such as maceral composition, deposit-diagenetic environment and maturity, have been analysed, the conclusion is that high-content of hydrogen-rich maceral(4%-19%) in the coals and the maturity are important effects on hydrogen index, H/C atomic ratio, and types of coal. The method in evaluating coal types was discussed as well in the present paper.

Experimental Research of Spatial Resolution Effects for Landscape Pattern
A Case Study of the Eastern Part in Zhujiang Delta

ZENG Hui,GUO Qinghua,LIU Xiaodong

1998, 34(6):  820-826. 

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6 periods of landscape type maps based on remotely sensed data were used for a 324km2 region in the eastern part of Zhujiang delta, to carry out a computer supporting experiment study of spatial resolution effects for landscape pattern. 6 experimental conditions were designed which are 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960m. The results demonstrated that: (1) the landscape pattern of study area changed significantly coincided with the decreasing of resolution; (2) patch number, patch perimeter, total landscape fragmentation index FN1, andtwo shape indexes (S1 and S2) are sensitive pattern indices to resolution, but patch areaproportion, diversity, dominance, and element fragmentation index FN2 are weakly sensitivepattern indices to resolution; (3) the resolution of fine scale landscape pattern study in study area should be lower than 60m, and that of coarse scale study should be higher than 240m.

Adjustment of Regional Economic Systems Towards Sustainable Development

ZHANG Litian,HU Lijuan

1998, 34(6):  813-819. 

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The coupling of sub-systems in regional man-land system realized through system adjustment is an essential condition for regional sustainable development. Regional economic sub-system is the focus of system adjustment as they play an importent role in regional man-land system. The approaches to the couple of regional economy, regional resource and regional environment are discussed. Based on the concept of sustainable development, the writers analyze the features of the resource and environment in Yantai city, which is proper for developing light industry, marine aquaculture, fruit plant agriculture and business, trade and tourism. By the way, the writers propose that it is necessary to optimize the distribution of paper mills and to pursue sanitary production technology in all township factories in order to control the water pollution in Yantai city.

Numerical Simulation and Optimal Management of the Groundwater Seepage Field in Zhengzhou City

GONG Huili

1998, 34(6):  827-835. 

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Development of industry and agriculture of Zhengzhou city has increased groundwater extraction for industry, irrigation and domestic. The intense extraction of groundwater in the study area has caused groundwater levels to decline. The problems associated with declining groundwater levels are (1) formation and expansion of depression area, (2) increased pumping lift and pumping cost, (3) deterioration of the quality of pumped groundwater and (4) land subsidence. Ground water resources occurs in two layers in study area (depth>250m), the top layer is unconfined (shallow aquifer), layer two is confined (intermedium aquifer). The shallow and intermedium aquifers are hydraulically connected to each other by aquitarde. According to hydrogeological conceptual model, the models of the quasi-three dimensional dynamical emulation are built for control and optimal of the groundwater seepage field in Zhenzhou city. The groundwater flow is emulated with the seepage model of heterogeneity isotrope, and the partial differential equations are solved with finite difference scheme of irregular triangle net. Firstly, the inverse problem is solved for parameters calculating, then the positive problem is solved to calculate groundwater resources, and the groundwater field in the future is predicted under the condition of planned pumping from 1996 to 1998. By optimal control seepage field of the groundwater to make the harmful hydrogeolical problem reduced to its minimum in overall research area.

Inhibition of Antigenic Peptides of Schistosomato Some Tumor Cells

XU Jiaxi,JIN Sheng

1998, 34(6):  836-840. 

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Antitumor assay experiments showed that some antigenic peptides of glutathione S-transferases of schistosoma could inhibit the proliferation of several human tumor cell strains with satisfied inhibitive rates by the tetrazolium salt MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay method.

The Foundation of Chelex^R100 Method to Extract the Genome of Drosophila Non-Fresh Materials

MA Yunmei,LU Jing,DAI Zhuohua

1998, 34(6):  841-843. 

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The genome of Drosophila immigrans non-fresh materials (soaked in 70% & 100% ethanoland dried materials) was extracted with Chelex^R100. Then the ITS1 fragment which is between 18S rRNA and 5.8S rRNA was amplified with primers designed by our laboratory. The amplified fragment was linked to pGEM-T easy Vector (Promega company) and the final plasmid was transformed to E.coli DH5a. Then the plasmid was extracted and digested withendonuclease. According to the result of one of the non-fresh materials, the effects that templates were prepared using the Chelex method and the usual method were the same. Furthermore, the pollution and DNA waste were reduced in the Chelex method.

The Progress of Antiosteoporosis Research of Calthepsin L Antagonists

ZHAO Gang,LI Chongxi

1998, 34(6):  844-849. 

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Osteoporosis is the most commonly occurred metabolic bone disease. Osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly populations in many parts of the world. As the coming of old age society, the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has become an urgent problem. The cathepsin L antagonists can effectively inhibit bone resorption, so it has a good prospect of treating osteoporosis. This article reviewed the progress of antiosteoporosis research of cathepsin L antagonists.