Table of Content

20 March 1997, Volume 33 Issue 2

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Random Amplified Polymorfic DNA Analysis of Drosophila immigrans Geographic Strains

CHEN Yanru,XU Xiuhua,ZHAO Zhongming,ZHANG Wenxia,DAI Zhuohua

1997, 33(2):  215-221. 

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Random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to reveal the variation among Seven Drosophila immigrans geographic strains. Based on the RAPD markers the genetic distance among seven geographic strains of D. immigrans were computed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. We found that: 1) Among D. immigrans strains, MU was further away to other strains than the others for it is the only one from Japan. 2) Within Chinese geographic strains, HY, SP(from Qinling area) are collected at the nearest geographic area and height above sea level, so they have little genetic variation. Another two high elevation strains TS(from Taishan)and LZ(from Lan Zhou)went together with HY and SP. It seems that: Higher elevational D. immigrans strains have more genetic resemblance. This phenomena happened recently during D. immigrans' speciation.

Sex Expression of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Plant and the Changes of Content of ACC, GA, ABA and EFE Activity

LIN Ming,CAO Zongxun,Tsao TH

1997, 33(2):  222-229. 

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After the induction toward maleness or femaleness of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plant with exogenous GA₃ or ethrel treatments, the endogenous levels of ethylene, ACC, GA_1-3, ABA and EFE activity all changed. As the induction toward maleness with GA₃, the endogenous level of GA_1-3 and GA_1-3/ABA increased while the levels of ACC and ABA decreased. The effects of induction toward femaleness with ethrel were just the opposite. The effects ofexogenous of GA₃ or ethrel on the levels of ACC seem to be the physiological cause of sex shift of cucumber plant.

Donor-Specific Toxic Cell's (Donor Spleen Cells Loaded-Ricin) Effect on Inducing Tolerance to Skin Allografts in Mice

WANG Chongqing,GUAN Yinghui,LI Qijing

1997, 33(2):  230-239. 

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A new approach for preventing rejection of allografts is described. The donor of skin allograft is C₅₇BL/6, and the receptor is BALB/C. We used calcium chloride to transduct ricin into donor spleen cells (getting Toxic Cell's), and tail-vein injected into receptors blood. Because Toxic Cell's have intact transplantation antigen (Major Histocompatible Antigen Complex, MHC) on their surface, they can be specifically recognized and lysed by receptor's T, B lymphocytes. After being lysed, Toxic Cell's would release ricin to kill the specific receptor's T, B lymphocytes, and finally induce unresponsiveness towards allografts. There were two test groups, and they were all injected with Toxic Cell's after or before skin transplantation. The survival time of skin allografts in both test groups were prolonged compared with respective control groups. The results of statistic assay ( t-test) also verified that the difference between each pair of test and control groups was very significant (t＞t_0.01). Mixed lymphocyte culture test had also substantiated that the immune response to donor MHC of both test groups had been suppressed by our new method.

Factual Precipitation and Dimension Calculation in Metal Deoxycholate Acid Sol-Gel System

XIE Datao,XU Yizhuang,PENG Qing,HUANG Yun,WU Jinguang,XU Guangxian

1997, 33(2):  137-141. 

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A series of fractal and Liesegang Ring precipitations were obtained in metal-deoxycholate acid sol-gel system, refereed to the environment condition of the human beings' gallstone growth. the gallstone growth process was studied theoretically and quantitatively With computer pattern treatment and theoretical calculation of fractal dimensions.

The Preliminary Analysis of the Essential Oil in Medicinal Plants of Salvia Paramiltiorrhiza H.

HE Fangyi,HONG Xiaoming,SUN Yufang,HUANG Aijin,SUN Yiliang

1997, 33(2):  142-146. 

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The essential oil in medicinal plants of Salvia paramiltiorrhiza H. was extracted by simultaneous distillationextraction(SDE) method. The components of the essential oil wereanalyzed by means of capillary gas chromatography and combined GC/MS/DS. Thirty five constituents of the essential oil were identified by GC/MS/DS on SE-54 and PEG-20M columns. Of thesecomponents, nineteen were further identified by dual columntemperature-programmed retention indexes, GC/FTIR as well as thecorresponding authentic samples. It can be preliminarily concludedthat the main constituents were epi-2-pupukeanone(19%), calamenene(7.7%), cadonene(6.7%), selilnene(4.3%).

The Study of the Effect of Lanthanide Ions on the LDH Activity by Differential-pulse Polarography

WANG Xunqing,GAO Xiaoxia

1997, 33(2):  147-152. 

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Differential-pulse polarography(DPP) was applied to studythe effect of lanthanide ions on the LDH activity in the catalyticalreaction of pyruvate+NADH+H⁺=lactate+NAD⁺, by monitoring DPPreduction current of NAD⁺. In a buffer solution of 0.05 mol/L Tris-HCl(pH7.5)+0.5 mmol/L pyruvate, NAD⁺ exhibits a well-defineddifferential-pulse peak at -0.82V. The peak current is proportionalto NAD⁺ concentration in the range 1-28 micro mol/L. In the assay mixture, low concentration La³⁺ ions(<5 micro mol/L) slightly increase LDHactivity. Other ions Ce³⁺, Eu³⁺, Dy³⁺ andYb³⁺(5 micro mol/L) show inhibitory effects. The data of spectrophotometry and kinetics analysis are in agreement with DPP results.

The Effects of Alcohols on The Stability of the Formed Microemulsion in Extraction Organic Phase

SHEN Xinghai,LI Gailing,GAO Hongcheng

1997, 33(2):  153-157. 

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The activation energy can indicate the strength ofthe interfacial membranes of microemulsion particles, so it would beused to describe and discuss the stability of the formed microemulsionin extraction organic phase. Variations of activation energies with water contents for microemulsions formed in the organic phase of saponified P507(2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester)-alcohol(n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol and n-hexanol)-heptane-waterwere determined by measurement of electric conductivity. The curves between activation energy and water content V_H2O were given. It is found thatactivation energy of butanol system decreases slightly with the increase of watercontent, while that of pentanol and hexanol systems present a maximum. It is also found that the activation energy increases with the increase of the length of alcohol chain. These results evident that the longer length of alcohol chain, the bigger strength of the interfacial membranes of particles, and more stability of microemulsion. Based on the above results, hexanol or octanol always were used as co-surfactant in extraction process.

The Comparative Study on Retro Diels-Alder(RDA) Fragmentation under Fast Atomic Bombardment(FAB) and Chemical lonization(CI)

LIN Xiaoyuan,HE Xiaoran,YU Zhenpei,XU Jiaxi

1997, 33(2):  158-162. 

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The comparative study was carried out on RDA fragmentationof some derivatives of oxazinono-benzothiazepine under FAB and CI. It was found that the intensity ratio of product ions to protonated ion MH⁺ under FAB were significantly lower than that under CI. Itwas shown that the mechanism of protonation under FAB was quite different from that under CI. A proposal mechanism of protonation under FAB was discussed.

Determination of Au and Pd in the Sea-Floor Sedimentation with LEAFS

JI Wangxi,CHEN Dieyan,LIN Qinru,MA Wanyun

1997, 33(2):  163-166. 

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Determination of Au and Pd in the sea-floor sedimentation presented. Comparison of different chemical treatment contained. A brief review of LOD(limit of determination) and application is given at the final.

Mossbauer Spectra of Valleriite from China

QIN Shan,CAO Zhengmin,CHEN Yanjing

1997, 33(2):  175-180. 

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In the structure of valleriite, iron ions may occupy twosites: tetrahedral site in sulfide layer and octahedral site in hydroxide layer. Based on the mossbauer data at room temperature, it is suggested that the high-spin Fe²⁺ presents in tetrahedral site with isomer shift of 0.42-0.48 mm·s^-1 and quadrupole splitting of 0.81-1.28 mm·s^-1; while the low-spin Fe³⁺ in octahedral site with isomer shift of 0.32-0.36 mm·s^-1 and quadrupole splitting of 0.44-0.59 mm·s^-1.

The Geochemical Characteristics of Hydrothermal Sediment for the Bedded Silicilith in the Meso Proterozoic Era and Their Sedimentary Environment Importance in Pingyin, Shandong Province

XU Yuetong,ZHOU Baohua,HUANG Fusheng

1997, 33(2):  167-174. 

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There are bedded siliciliths which are conformity with the Mesoproterozoic Erathem stratum in Pingyin Area, Shandong Province. The siliciliths can be identified as hydrothermal sediment ones by the higher contents of Fe, Mn, As, Sb, Bi, Ga, and comparatively lower Al; lower total REE, negative Ce anomaly and comparatively enrichment in HREE, the δ³⁰Si values range from -0.01% to 0.04%, the δ³⁰O values range from 1.36% to 2.01%. The siliciliths all belong to hydrothermal sediment ones in Al-Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+Cu) triangle diagrams. And the values of MnO/TiO₂ ratioes, δCe and δ³⁰Si in these siliciliths manifest that the siliciliths are deposited in the deep-sea environment.

Production of MC15-Kunming Chimeras by Culture

HE Wei,WU Heling

1997, 33(2):  181-184. 

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Two MC15-KunMing chimeras were produced by a new method that involves the simple coculture of eight-cell embryos on a lawn of ES cells. Compared with microinjection blastocyst, this methodis feasible.

The Effect of Rat Heart Conditioned Medium in Forming Mouse ES Cell Colonies

HAN Rong,CHAI Guixuan,SHANG Kegang

1997, 33(2):  185-188. 

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We reported here a new method of culturing and isolating ES cell colonies from mouse blastocysts. Monolayer culture was made by the heart tissue of a 2-3 weeks postnatal rat, and the conditioned medium (RHCM) were collected from cultures before passage 6. C57BL/6J mouse blastocysts were cultured in RHCM (without feeder layer), while the control group used primary mouse embryo fibroblast (ME) as feeder layer, with LIF added into the medium. After the blastocysts being cultured in RHCM, the rates of embryo attaching, ICM propagating and ES cell colonies forming, were 67%, 93% and 13% respectively. They had no prominent differences with those of the control group. This new method could be useful in establishing mouse ES cell lines simply and effectively.

Comparison of the Toxicity and the Influence of Enzyme Activity of Four Kinds of Insecticides to Daphnia magna

LI Yanxia,YANG Jianmei

1997, 33(2):  197-202. 

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The toxicity of four kinds of insecticides (7504, trichlorphon, sevin, deltamethrin) to Daphnia magna can be determined with the method of biological toxicity and the method of biochemical toxicity. Of four insecticides, deltamethrin has the most efficient toxicity to Daphnia magna, its 24h LC₅₀ being 0.385 μg/L. Next is trichlorphon, 24h LC₅₀ being 0.74 μg/L. Third is sevin, 24h LC₅₀ being 18.6 μg/L.The last is 7504 and its 24h LC₅₀ being 303.7 μg/L. According to the results of the method of biological toxicity, we culture Daphnia magna in culture solutions added with insecticides (LC₀ and LC₅₀) separately and determine important enzyme's activity and K_m (AChE, Carboxylesteraes and so on). The results show: different insecticides can affect the enzymes differently, and the method of biochemical toxicity is more sensitive and more accurate than the method of biological toxicity.

The Protective Effects of Phenylalanine on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mouse Heart

ZHOU Weiai,GAO Tianli

1997, 33(2):  203-210. 

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Using Langendorff method, isolated mouse heart was perfused with Krebs-Hensleit (K-H) buffer solution. After 10 min of equilibrium, the heart underwent 10 min of global ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion. At the same time, the coronary effluents were collected in accordance with certain time intervals toanalyze lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (U.L^-1) as an index of cellular damage induced by ischemic reperfusion. During 10 min ischemic(noperfusion) period, LDH release was decreased significantly in phenylalanine (Phe, 10, 1 and 0.1 micro mol.L) and lipoic acid (LA, 1 micor mol.L) treated groups compared with control group. Then in the early reperfusion period administration of Phe and LA markedly reduced the first peak and also diminished the second peak. The incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) was eliminated and thenumber of permature ventricular contraction (PVC) was decreased aswell as the normal sinus rhythm time (NSRT) was prolonged by the treatment of Phe. Similar results obtained from LA treatment group indicating that both substances might affected hearts through similar mechanism against ischemia reperfusion injury, e.g., the capability of oxygen free radical scavenger effect. Further development of this capability would be enable Phe and LA becoming prospective drugs in the clinic practice.

Changes of Peroxidase and Esterase Isozyme during Periodicity of Cambial Activity in Pinus bungeana

CUI Keming,ZHANG Zhongming,LI Juhuai

1997, 33(2):  189-196. 

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The seasonal changes of peroxidase and estarase isozyme in various tissues of Pinus bungeana were mere related to the annual cycle of cambial activity, and to types of the tissues. During cambial dormancy period, number of peroxidase isozyme bands in cambiumregion reached the maximum. In the time, some cationic estarase isozyme bands occured in the periderm and phloem, these could be related to a protective against frost. When reactitivity of cambium, two cathodic estarase isozyme bands occured in the cambial region, these could be related to enlarging of the cambial cells and formation of new xylem and phloem. During the cambial activity period, othercationic estarase isozyme bands occured in the periderm, xylem andphloem, these could be closely related to the differentiation of phloemand xylem. Some perioxidase isozyme bands disappeared during cambial reactivity, and occured during cambial dormancy period, these could be related to the changes of the level of IAA.

Asymmetry in the Origin of Life

WANG Wenqing

1997, 33(2):  265-272. 

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The first unifying principle in biochemistry is that the key moleculcs-amino acids, sugars have the same handedness or chirality. Chiral molecules and their corresponding mirror images may be defined by left (L)or right (D) optical rotatory dispersion. All living systems translate their genes into proteins composed of 20 L-amino acids (except glycine). Like proteins, the nucleic acids DNA and RNA exist in nature in only one chirality composed of D configuration of 2-deoxyribose and ribose monomers. This phenomenon occurs when molecules are asymmetric. The cause for the great preference in life for L-amino acids and D-sugars over their corresponding enantiomers has been extensively studied. Based on a series of experiments of our research, it is found that elementary particles interact differentially with enantiomers of amino acids. The difference, though very small, could be detected by sensitive methods when the system is far from equilibrium at low temperature (77K) but it could not cause macroscopic excess of one particular enantiomer without an effective amplification mechanism. Based on Salam's hypothesis, studies show that an obvious lambda transition at (270±1)K occurred while measuring the specific heat of D and L-valine and alanine by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the temperature region of 77-300K, with the C_p values of D form greater than that of L form. Magnetization measurement of single crystals of D, L-alanine and D-valine on SQUID magnetometer show that magnetic transition temperature coincident with that of lambda transition. Temperature dependence of the X ray powder diffraction for D-valine showed no crystal lattice change under the temperature cooling down from 293K to 123 K. We propose that the difference of the magnetic susceptibility X-T curve between D and L-forms of alanine and valine attributed to the variation of intramolecular geometry of chiral density in the presence of an external magnetic field. Such observations as magnetic susceptibility of molecules in single crystal amino acids is the first to be monitored.

The Study on the Rearrangement Reaction with Loss of Alcohol of Cyclopentene-one-carboxylic Esters under EI-MS

YU Zhenpei,LIN Xiaoyuan,HE Xiaoran,ZHU Yiqiang

1997, 33(2):  262-264. 

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Hydrogen atom is transferred from an methylene activated by the neighboring group effect to the saturated oxygen of the ester group and then results in rearrangement reaction with the loss of alcohol.

Biogenic Production and Consumption of Dimethylsulfide In Ocean

JIANG Lin,HU Min,REN Jiuchang

1997, 33(2):  240-245. 

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Dimethylsulfide is the major sulfur compound emitted from sea, which is mainly produced from marine phytoplankton. This article reviews the basic process of production and decomposition of dimethylsulfide in marine euphotic zone, including assimilatory sulfate reduction, production, accumulation and release of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as well as production and consumption of dimethylsulfide.

Hierarchical Structure of SAT Variations and Trend of Future Climate Change

XIN Guojun

1997, 33(2):  254-261. 

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In climatology, the cool/warm duration is defined as timeduration which the mean temperature is lower/higher. The cool/warm duration is a relative concept. In this paper, the wavelet transform is applied to surface air temperature (SAT) time series analyses for the Northern/Southern Hemisphere (NH/SH) during the last one hundred years. The cool/warm duration in different time scales are revealed. They constitute the hierarchical structure of SAT variations. On the basis of the hierarchical structure, the trend of future climate change is predicted. The results are as following: 1. SAT variations obviously appear features of climate jump. For Jones climate time series: In large time scale, the cool/warm duration last about 77 years in NH and 90 years in SH. The climate jump happened at 1923 in NH and 1939 in SH. In small time scale, the cool/warm duration last about 14 years in NH and 5.6 years in SH.2. According to the results of Jones climate time series, the trend of future climate change in NH will be: (1) The large warm duration is from 1923 to 2001. A large cool duration will begin at 2001;(2) The small cool duration is from 1991 to 2001, so the global warming caused by the strong increment of greenhouse effect will be stopped.

Vertical Distribution of Light Intensity and Light Compensation Depth of Submerged Macrophyte in Lake Dianchi

REN Jiuchang,ZHOU Hong,SUN Yitong

1997, 33(2):  211-214. 

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Studies were made on the transparency, the vertical distribution of light intensities and the light compensation depth of submerged macrophyte at the 15 monitoring sections in Lake Dianchi. The transparency in Caohai(the interior of Dianchi) and the exterior of Dianchi were respectively 25-30 cm and 35-40 cm. At the everysection, the light intensity decline as the depth increases, showing negative index correlation, its general formule being I_t=I₀e^-at.The light compensation depth of submerged macrophyte in Caohai and the exterior of Dianchi were less than 100 cm and 150 cmrespectively, much shallower than the actual water depth. The transparency is linear possitive correlation with the light compensation depth in Lake Dianchi. The values of transparency necessary to restorethe biodiversity of submerged macrophyte at different depths are also reported in this study.

Turbulence Structure Characteristics within and above Changbai Mountain Forest

LIU Heping, LIU Shuhua, ZHU Tingyao, JIN Changjie, KONG Fanzhi

1997, 33(2):  246-253. 

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Turbulence data and wind, temperature profile data areused to analyze turbulence structure within and above Changbai Mountain Forest. The normalized wind profiles within Changbai Mountain Forest is considered to be exponential: U(Z)/U (h)= exp [α₁(Z/h-1)], where α₁=2.05. The normalized momentum exchange coefficient within the canopy is proved to be exponential: K_m=(Z)/K_m (h)= exp [α₂(Z/h-1)] ,where α₂=5.2. Above the canopy, the longitudinal and lateral turbulence intersity i_u,i_v have almost the same value but the vertical turbulence intensity i_w is smaller than i_u, i_v because of the influence of the canopy. Within the canopy, i_u, i_v, i_w are similar in magnitude but larger than those above the canopy because of the big LAI and the influence of the canopy, the ground and the trunk. The spectral densities of the velocity components in the inertial subrange still can be described by the way in the flat terrain but the slopes show that they are significantly morenegative than -2/3 expecially within the canopy. In addition, the second peak of the spectrum within the canopy occurs and may becaused by wake-turbulence generation. From the data and the locally isotropic analysis, Taylor′s frozen-eddy hypothesis and locally isotropy are invalid within the canopy.