Taking the Guanlan River in Shenzhen as an example, this study investigated the pollution level, spatiotemporal distribution, sources, and ecological risks of 20 phthalate esters (PAEs) in river water. It was found that in 2021, the concentrations of the 20 PAEs (Σ₂₀PAEs) ranged from 30.29–9755.87 ng/L with an average of 2550.73 ng/L in the dry season (DS) and 359.87–27247.01 ng/L with an average of 5262.87 ng/L in the wet season (WS), respectively, being higher in the WS than those in the DS. The Σ₂₀PAEs in the water of the Guanlan River were significantly lower in the main stream than those in the tributaries (p < 0.05). Moreover, their pollution was more serious downstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) than upstream. The contents of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP) were the highest in the DS and WS, respectively. The proportion of DEHP was significantly higher downstream of WWTPs than upstream (p < 0.05). Source analysis indicated that PAEs in the Guanlan River originated from diverse sources such as plastics, cosmetics, and personal care products. The ecological risk assessment revealed that PAEs posed the greatest risk to algae. The risk quotients (RQs) of most samples were greater than 1, indicating a high ecological risk of PAEs in the Guanlan River. Among them, DEHP should be given special attention.

以深圳市观澜河为例, 分析20种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)在水体中的污染水平、来源和时空分布特征, 同时对其生态风险进行评价。结果显示, 2021年旱季和雨季观澜河水体中∑₂₀PAEs浓度范围分别为30.29~9755.87 ng/L和359.87~27247.01 ng/L, 平均浓度分别为 2550.73 ng/L和5262.87 ng/L, 雨季的污染程度高于旱季。干流∑₂₀PAEs浓度显著低于支流(p < 0.05), 且污水厂下游河段的污染比其上游河段更严重。PAEs中邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)分别为旱季和雨季含量最高的物质, 且 DEHP的浓度占比在污水厂下游河段显著高于其上游河段(p < 0.05)。来源解析结果表明, 观澜河中PAEs的来源复杂, 包括塑料、化妆品和个人护理品等。生态风险评估发现, PAEs对藻类的生态风险最高。大部分采样点的生态风险商值都大于1, 表明PAEs在观澜河水体中的生态风险较高, 需要引起重视, 尤其要关注DEHP的生态风险。