The Yale Shooting Problem: A Case Study in Non-monotonic Reasoning

Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

The Yale Shooting Problem: A Case Study in Non-monotonic Reasoning

SUN Yong¹, FANG Ming²

¹Department of Computer Science The Queen's University of Belfast 18 Malone Road Belfast BT7 1NN; ²AIE Department Lloyd's Register of Shipping 29 Wellesley Road Croydon CR0 2AJ England Northern Ireland

Received:1996-10-23 Online:1998-09-20 Published:1998-09-20

耶鲁枪击案：对非单调推理案例的分析

孙踊¹, 方明²

¹贝尔法斯特女皇大学计算机科学系，英国，贝尔法斯特市; ²罗易德注册船舶运输公司，英国，伦敦市

Abstract

Abstract: Non-monotonic reasoning is often used in daily life, e.g. lacking evidence to the contrary of β we infer β. This kind of logic has applications in queries to knowledge bases, very large databases and deductive bases. This case study uses the "Yale Shooting" problem to present non-monotonic reasoning from a proof-theoretic standpoint. Basic knowledge of first order logic and many-sorted algebra is assumed.

Key words: non-monotonic reasoning, Yale shooting problem, logic, axioms, contradiction

摘要： 非单调推理多见于日常生活中。比如，无证据证实B的反面，我们得出结论B。这种逻辑在计算机科学中的知识库、超大数据库和推理库中有许多运用。本案例是著名的“耶鲁枪击案”。据此介绍非单调推理。

关键词: 非单调推理, 耶鲁枪击案, 逻辑, 公理, 悖论

CLC Number:

O141

SUN Yong,FANG Ming. The Yale Shooting Problem: A Case Study in Non-monotonic Reasoning[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis.

孙踊, 方明. 耶鲁枪击案：对非单调推理案例的分析[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/EN/

https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/EN/Y1998/V34/I5/700

[1]	LI Nengtao, ZHOU Tinghong, HUANG Baochun. Geomagnetic Field Paleointensity Study on Archaeological Pottery from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2024, 60(3): 503-512.
[2]	ZOU Yi, ZHAO Yiyang, MENG Jijun. Impacts of Production-Living-Ecological Space Transformation in the Heihe River Basin on Ecological Environment Quality in the Context of Climate Change [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2024, 60(3): 528-538.
[3]	WANG Zhiyong, LI Jianing, PENG Xiao, HONG Min, ZHANG Kai. Habitat Creation Modes Based on Balance between Water and Soil and Its Application in Ecological Restoration Engineering [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2024, 60(1): 165-174.
[4]	WU Qiqi, MENG Jijun. Analysis of the Evolution and Driving Factors of Production-Living-Ecological Space Pattern in the Heihe River Basin from 1980 to 2020, China [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(6): 970-980.
[5]	ZHANG Xin, LI Linsi, QIN Xinsheng. Visualized Analysis of Knowledge Map for Research on the Plants of Rauvolfia Based on CiteSpace [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(6): 1011-1024.
[6]	HUANG Fanfei, TANG Lili, LI Ruili. Analysis of Ecological Benefits of Mangrove Protection and Restoration Measures in the Mainland of China in the Past 40 Years [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(5): 813-822.
[7]	YANG Xinyu, LI Peijun. Mapping Corn Seedling Using Spectral, Morphological Features and Hough Transformation from UAV Images [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(5): 843-853.
[8]	ZHANG Zhi, LI Ruili. Mangrove Ecological Management Online System Based on WebGIS [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(4): 602-608.
[9]	GAO Jian, TONG Xin, HE Canfei. Impact of Lead Market on Transition Towards New Energy Technology in Automobile Industry in China [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(4): 671-680.
[10]	WANG Lingli, ZHANG Xin, WANG Jiansong, SHEN Xiaoxue, TANG Lili, LI Ruili. Utilization Status and Development Countermeasures of Mangrove Medicinal Resources in the Marine-Terrestrial Interlaced Zone [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(4): 704-718.
[11]	ZHANG Hao, FENG Changchun, GUO Yongpei. Evolution and Driving Factors of “Production-Living-Ecological Space” in Rural-Urban Fringe of Beijing [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(3): 478-488.
[12]	WANG Zhiyong, LI Jianing, LIU Jiaju, PENG Xiao. General Method Framework of Designed Ecosystem and Its Application in Typical Habitat Creation Modes [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(3): 501-512.
[13]	LIU Tianhao, JI Zhengxin, DUAN Yaming, XU Yueqing. Spatial Pattern Evolution and Carbon Effect of Production-Living-Ecological Space in Zhangjiakou City under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2023, 59(3): 513-522.
[14]	XI Haojun, YUAN Yibin, ZAN Xiaohui, LI Tianhong. Health Assessment of the Baitiao-Fu River Based on Ecological Integrity and Social Service Functions [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2022, 58(6): 1111-1120.
[15]	SU Xinyang, HE Xiantu, CHEN Jun. Study on Adsorption of H₂O Molecules on KDP (100) Surface Based on DFT [J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2022, 58(5): 785-794.