Utilizing high-precision shipborne multibeam bathymetry and gravity anomaly data, we analyzed the fault structures and magmatic characteristics of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) segment between 30.00°N and 31.55°N. Firstly, based on the multibeam bathymetry data, slope, roughness, and curvature information in the study area, we identified two main geomorphological patterns: faults and volcanic features. The fault geomorphology was further divided into three typical fault styles: detachment faults, E-type faults, and C-type faults. In the entire region, E-type faults are mainly distributed within the area 20–50 km away from the ridge axis on both flanks, while C-type faults are more densely distributed in the near-axis region and the rift valley of the MAR, within 0–20 km from the axis. Subsequently, the horizontal fault heaves and tectonic strain rate (T) values were calculated based on 13 cross-axis profiles. The results indicate a significant asymmetric spreading phenomenon in the region. In areas with sufficient magma supply, or near the ridge axis and the rift valley, the T values are relatively small, typically forming a thicker oceanic crust and C-type faults with smaller horizontal fault offsets. In areas with depleted magma supply or farther away from the mid-ocean ridge, a thinner oceanic crust is often formed, with larger T values and more prevalent E-type faults and detachment faults with larger horizontal fault offsets.