This paper uses the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2019 and the digital inclusive finance development index of Peking University to measure the comprehensive index of new urbanization with the entropy weight method and constructs a two-way fixed-effect model to empirically study the influence of digital inclusive finance on new urbanization. The research shows that digital financial inclusion can promote new urbanization and achieve comprehensive enhancement of population, economy, society, land urbanization and urban-rural coordination. There is a structural effect of digital financial inclusion, and the main role is played by the breadth of coverage and digitalization of digital financial inclusion. In terms of impact mechanism, digital financial inclusion can promote population entrepreneurship and local government debt financing, which in turn promotes new urbanization. From the heterogeneity analysis, the impact effect is greater in central and western regions than in eastern regions, and the impact effect in areas with low fiscal self-sufficiency rate is greater than that in areas with high fiscal self-sufficiency rate. The degree of digitalization plays an important role in different regions, showing a “digital dividend” and “timely help” effect in general. The research provides new theoretical and empirical support for the implementation of a new urbanization strategy.