北京大学学报自然科学版 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 927-937.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2021.069

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垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥微生物种群结构和功能分析

张雪, 乔雪姣, 苏佳, 张立羽, 余珂†   

  1. 北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院, 深圳 518055
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-24 修回日期:2021-03-18 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 余珂, E-mail: yuke.sz(at)pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51709005)和深圳市基础研发项目(JCYJ20190808183205731)资助

Microbial Structure and Function of Activated Sludge in Landfill Leachate Treatment Plant

ZHANG Xue, QIAO Xuejiao, SU Jia, ZHANG Liyu, YU Ke†   

  1. Department of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055
  • Received:2020-07-24 Revised:2021-03-18 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-09-20
  • Contact: YU Ke, E-mail: yuke.sz(at)pku.edu.cn

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摘要：

对垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥的16S rRNA基因和宏基因组进行高通量测序并分析, 探究垃圾渗滤液处理厂活性污泥微生物的种群结构、氮循环和有机污染物降解相关功能微生物和功能基因。结果表明, Calditrichaeota门微生物丰度最高(58.77%), 其次是 Proteobacteria (16.80%)和Bacteroides (6.19%); Calorithrix属是活性污泥的优势菌属(58.77%); 活性污泥中存在硝化、反硝化、同化硝酸盐还原、异化硝酸盐还原和氮固定 5 条氮循环途径, 反硝化相关基因丰度最高(78.84%), 主要分布于Calditrichaeota, Proteobacteria和Choroflexi中; 硝化作用由氨氧化菌Nitrosomonas完成。活性污泥中含有丰富的难降解有机污染物降解基因, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Planctomycetes, Calditrichaeota和Choroflexi是典型的有机污染物降解功能微生物。

关键词: 垃圾渗滤液, 活性污泥, 种群结构, 功能基因

Abstract:

16S rRNA gene and metagenomic sequencing was applied to study the structure of microbial community, functional microorganisms and genes in activated sludge of landfill leachate treatment. The results showed that Calditrichaeota was the most abundant phylum (58.77%), followed by Proteobacteria (16.80%) and Bacteroides (6.19%). Calrithrix was the dominant genus of the activated sludge (58.77%). Five nitrogen cycle pathways were detected to form the microbial community of activated sludge, including nitrification, denitrification, assimilation nitrate reduction, dissimilation nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation. Denitrification genes were the most abundant among nitrogen cycling process (78.84%), which mainly distributed in Calditrichaeota, Proteobacteria and Choroflexi. Nitrification was achieved by ammonia oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas. There were abundant organic pollutants degradation genes in activated sludge. Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Planctomycetes, Calditrichaeota and Choroflexi were typical functional microorganisms that can degrade organic pollutants. 

Key words: landfill leachate, activate sludge, microbial structure, function genes

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