Using MCD19A2, a new product of MODIS with high temporal and spatial resolution(daily; 1 km × 1 km), spatial-temporal distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over northeastern China during 2000?2019 were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the average AOD of the northeastern China in recent 20 years is 0.23, and have changed little. 2003 is the year with the highest AOD (0.38), which is mainly affected by spring drought, sand blowing, straw burning and other factors. In terms of spatial distribution, there is a decreasing trend from south to north. Liaoning province is higher than Jilin province and Jilin province is higher than Heilongjiang Province. AOD high-value areas are concentrated in the urban agglomeration of south-central region of Liaoning Province and other areas with dense population and developed industry. Low-value area is distributed in the greater Hinggan Mountains, lesser Hinggan Mountains, Changbai Mountains and other mountainous areas. Seasonal distribution of AOD; Higher in spring and summer, lower in autumn and winter. The results can be used to study the effects of aerosols on the atmospheric radiation balance or to simulate the concentration of particulate matter.