北京大学学报自然科学版 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 571-579.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2019.022

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金沙江典型河段浮游藻类群落结构及影响因素研究

高琦1, 倪晋仁1,2,†, 赵先富3, 陈文重4   

  1. 1. 北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院, 深圳 518055 2. 北京市新型污水深度处理工程技术研究中心, 北京大学环境工程系, 北京 100871 3. 水利部中国科学院水生态工程研究所, 武汉 430079 4. 长江三峡水文水资源勘测局, 宜昌 443000
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-20 修回日期:2018-05-21 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 倪晋仁,E-mail:nijinren(at)iee.pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0402102)资助

Community Structure Characteristics of Phytoplankton and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Typical Section of Chin-sha River

GAO Qi1, NI Jinren1,2,†, ZHAO Xianfu3, CHEN Wenzhong4   

  1. 1. School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055 2. Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871 3. Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resource and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079 4. Three Gorges Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Yichang 443000
  • Received:2018-04-20 Revised:2018-05-21 Online:2019-05-20 Published:2019-05-20
  • Contact: NI Jinren,E-mail:nijinren(at)iee.pku.edu.cn

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摘要：

为研究金沙江典型河段浮游藻类的群落结构特征及主要影响因素, 于2014年秋季(10 月)在石鼓至宜宾江段布设6 个断面进行浮游藻类群落监测。通过显微镜观察, 共鉴定出浮游藻类6门30属52种, 其中硅藻的物种数、细胞密度和生物量分别占65.38%, 74.07%和80.65%, 是优势门类。浮游藻类总细胞密度和生物量都呈现坝上逐渐降低、坝下逐渐升高的规律, 石鼓最高, 向家坝最低。多样性分析表明, 攀枝花的浮游藻类群落多样性最高, 溪洛渡和向家坝均较低。浮游藻类与环境因子的RDA分析表明, 总氮是影响浮游藻类群落结构的主要环境因子。优势属现存量与环境因子的相关性分析结果表明, 包括尖针杆藻Synedra acus 和曲壳藻Achnanthes sp.在内的6种硅藻与水位正相关, 与水温负相关, 是适合在低温下生活的藻类, 小环藻Cyclotella sp.则适合在温度较高的环境中生长。网状空星藻 Coelastrum reticulatum、栅藻Scenedesmus sp.、尖尾蓝隐藻Chroomonas acuta 和小环藻Cyclotella sp.的现存量与总氮显著正相关, 能够指示水体中的氮浓度; 近缘桥弯藻Cymbella affinis 和谷皮菱形藻Nitzschia palea的现存量与总磷呈显著正相关, 能够指示水体中的磷浓度。

关键词: 金沙江, 浮游藻类, 硅藻, 群落结构, 环境因子

Abstract:

To study the community structure characteristics and main influencing environment factors of phytoplankton in the Shigu-Yibin section of Chin-sha River, six sites were set up in the autumn of 2014 to monitor planktonic algae communities. A total of 52 species of 6 phyla, 30 genera of algae were identified through microscopy. Diatoms were dominant species, which accounted for 65.38%, 74.07%, and 80.65% by species numbers, cell density, and biomass respectively. The total algal density and biomass of phytoplankton decreased at the dam and gradually increased under the dam. They were the highest in Shigu and the lowest in Xiangjiaba. The diversity of phytoplankton communities in Panzhihua was the highest, and that of Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba were much lower. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that total nitrogen was the main factor affecting the phytoplankton community structure. The correlation between the dominant species and the environmental factors showed that six diatoms, including Synedra acus and Achnanthes sp., were positively correlated with water level and negatively correlated with water temperature, indicating that they were suitable for low temperatures, while Cyclotella sp. was suitable for growing at high temperature. Coelastrum reticulatum, Scenedesmus sp., Chroomonas acuta and Cyclotella sp. were positively correlated with total nitrogen, while Cymbella Affinis and Nitzschia palea were positively correlated with total phosphorus, which demonstrated that they could indicate corresponding nutrients in water.

Key words: Chin-sha River, phytoplankton, diatom, community structure, environmental factors

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