北京大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 1-20.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.070

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人工智能将全面取代人类吗? Ⅰ. 基于人工智能与人类智能工作条件和优势的任务特征–分类模型

张燕1, 王海珍2,†   

  1. 1. 北京大学心理与认知科学学院, 行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室, 北京 100871 2. 西安外国语大学商学院, 西安 710023
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 修回日期:2025-08-01 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 王海珍, E-mail: wanghaizhen(at)xisu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(72472003)和教育部人文社会科学基金(22YJC630130)资助

Will Artificial Intelligence (AI) Completely Replace Humans? Ⅰ. A Task Characteristics-Classification Model Based on the Functional Requirements and Advantages of AI and Human Intelligence

ZHANG Yan1, WANG Haizhen2,†   

  1. 1. School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871 2. School of Business, Xi’an International Studies University, Xi’an 710023

  • Received:2025-06-17 Revised:2025-08-01 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-20
  • Contact: WANG Haizhen, E-mail: wanghaizhen(at)xisu.edu.cn

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摘要：

深入探讨人工智能(AI)与人类智能(HI)在任务输入、处理、输出以及制约因素等方面的工作条件和优势, 识别出11个AI-HI任务特征。在此基础上形成4个AI-HI指数——AI可用指数、AI优越指数、HI优越指数和HI安全指数, 并据此提出4种任务类型: AI不可用型、AI优越型、AI-HI协作型和HI优越型。通过上述工作, 构建一个新的AI-HI任务特征–分类模型。最后, 以会计工作为例, 应用此 AI-HI任务特征–分类模型, 逐一分析19个会计核心任务的AI-HI特征、AI-HI指数及其所属类型。研究结果为AI与HI的分工与替代问题提供科学分析, 为二者从对立走向协作共生提供理论依据。

关键词: 人工智能, 人类智能, 任务特征, 任务分类

Abstract:

This paper examines the working conditions and advantages of artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence (HI) concerning task input, processing, output, and constraints, leading to the identification of eleven AI-HI task characteristics. Based on these characteristics, we develop four AI-HI indices: AI Usability Index, AI Superiority Index, HI Superiority Index, and HI Safety Index. These indices inform a proposed typology of four task types: AI Non-Usable, AI Superior, AI-HI Collaborative, and HI Superior. This framework underpins a novel AI-HI task characteristic-classification model. Finally, taking accounting tasks as a case, the model is applied to analyze nineteen core accounting tasks, and assess their AI-HI characteristics, indices, and resultant classifications. The result can provide a rigorous analysis of the division of labor and substitution between AI and HI, offering a theoretical foundation for a transition from adversarial to symbiotic collaboration.

Key words: artificial intelligence, human intelligence, task characteristics, task classification

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