In order to quantify the relative contribution of natural factors and human factors to the surface albedo in Guizhou Province and their impacts on its changes, we analyzed the past and future evolution trends of surface albedo based on the MCD43A3 dataset from 2001 to 2022, using the Theil-Sen slope algorithm, Mann-Kendall significance verification and Hurst index method. On this basis, by combining datasets of natural factors and human factors and utilizing partial correlation analysis, residual analysis and ridge regression analysis, the factors influencing changes in land surface albedo were quantified and classified, leading to the following results. 1) From a temporal perspective, the surface albedo showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2001 to 2022, with an average decline rate of 3.699×10⁻⁵ yr⁻¹, and a maximum decline rate of 0.0045 yr⁻¹ from 2001 to 2003. From the spatial perspective, the surface albedo decreased in the northeast and increased in the northwest, and the area of 60.16% of the study area showed a downward trend, and the surface albedo will continue to decline in the future. 2) In response to natural factors, the surface albedo was positively correlated with temperature and leaf area index (LAI), negatively correlated with rainfall and soil moisture. Spatially, LAI was the dominant factor affecting its differentiation; temporally soil moisture. 3) The changes in natural factors and human activities have dual effects on the change of surface albedo, mainly inhibitory, with 60.17% of the study area being co-driven by both. The relative contribution rates are ranked as follows: soil moisture (35.23%) > LAI (23.96%) > land use (18.65%) > temperature (12.03%) > precipitation (10.13%).