北京大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1091-1104.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.010

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基于TOD站域供需视角的北京城市公共服务设施可达性分析

高巍1, 李雅琪1, 赵玫2,†, 高勇3, 郑文婷1, 欧阳玉歆1   

  1. 1. 北京交通大学建筑与艺术学院, 北京 100044 2. 北京理工大学设计与艺术学院, 北京 100081 3. 北京大学地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21 修回日期:2025-01-17 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 赵玫, E-mail: zhaomei(at)bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学规划基金(23YJA760120)和国家自然科学基金(42571530)资助

Accessibility Analysis on Public Service Facilities in Beijing under the Supply and Demand of TOD Station Area

GAO Wei1, LI Yaqi1, ZHAO Mei2,†, GAO Yong3, ZHENG Wenting1, OUYANG Yuxin1   

  1. 1. School of Architecture and Design, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044 2. School of Design and Art, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 3. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
  • Received:2024-10-21 Revised:2025-01-17 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-20
  • Contact: ZHAO Mei, E-mail: zhaomei(at)bit.edu.cn

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摘要：

以北京城市轨道交通站域空间为研究单元, 基于以公共交通为导向的城市发展(TOD)模式, 采用高斯两步移动搜索法(Ga2SFCA), 将站点乘客与站域公共服务设施作为供需双方, 分析公共服务设施在站域的空间分布特征、可达性情况及其建成环境影响。结果表明, 北京市公共服务设施沿轨道交通站域的分布整体上呈现良好的趋势, 但不同类型设施的可达性差异明显; 社会福利、教育及商业娱乐设施的高可达性可带动区域同类设施的发展, 医疗卫生和文化体育设施则偏向随机分布。基于公共服务设施的供需和可达性, 能够有效地检验作为区域中心的轨道交通站域对周边地区的服务能力, 为城市公共设施的配置和优化提供参考。

关键词: 公共服务设施, 可达性, 站域, TOD, 北京

Abstract:

Taking rail transit station area in Beijing as the research unit and considering both passengers and public service facilities in rail-station area as representative factors for supply and demand respectively, the paper investigates the spatial distribution characteristics and accessibility of public service facilities with Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (Ga2SFCA) method, analyses the influence of built environment based on the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) model. The findings reveal that overall, the distribution of public service facilities along the rail transit stations in Beijing generally shows a favorable trend. However, there are significant variations in accessibility among different types of facilities. High accessibility of social welfare, education, commercial and entertainment facilities can foster similar developments in adjacent regions, whereas medical and health services as well as cultural and sports amenities tend to be more randomly distributed. By examining both supply-demand dynamics for public service facilities alongside their accessibility levels, it becomes possible to effectively evaluate how well a station area functions as a regional center serving surrounding areas while also providing insights for optimizing urban facility configurations. 

Key words: public service facilities, accessibility, station area, TOD, Beijing

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