Table of Content

20 July 2010, Volume 46 Issue 4

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Binary Weights of Evidence (Wofe) Modeling and Its Application to Zonation of Karst Collapse

ZHAO Zengyu,PAN Mao,LIANG He

2010, 46(4):  594-600. 

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Weights of evidence (wofe) modeling and its application based on GIS are introduced. Wofe is applied to the zonation of karst collapse. Sensitivity of karst collapse around West Lake of Hangzhou is analysed. The cell size used in the analysis is 10 m×10 m. Spatial data of strata, structure and overburden is extracted from the study area. Spatial association between evidences and karst collapse is analysed, and contrasts are calculated. The studentized contrasts, which serve as a guide to statistical significance of spatial association, give cut off values to convert multiclass evidential data into binary pattern. Five evidences appropriate to the model are finally selected and converted into binary patterns, such as the strata unit, strata boundary of Gufeng formation - Qixia formation and of Huanglong formation - Laohudong formation, proximity to EW-NW trending structure features, proximity to NE trending structure features. Posterior probability of each cell which reflects degrees of karst potential collapse is calculated. The ratio of numbers of known collapses to the numbers of predicted collapses is 0.864, which indicates conditional independence among evidences with respect to karst collapse. The special application of wofe shows that the model is adapted to zonation of karst collapse.

Research on Hazard Zonation of Debris Flows Based on GIS in Xiuyan County, Liaoning Province

PAN Yun,CONG Weiqing,PAN Mao

2010, 46(4):  601-606. 

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The authors take a research on hazard zonation of debris flows based on GIS in Xiuyan County of Anshan City, Liaoning Province. Due to the uncertainty of the research on debris flows, the authors adopt the approach of certainty factors to research hazard zonation for debris flows. The graphs of hazard distribution and correlative affecting factors are obtained by digitizing and spatial analyzing the investigation data of geologic hazard of Xiuyan County. Then the unique-condition units are derived through overlying the graphs. CF values from each group of data are calculated and then they are used in logistic regression to set up the hazard evaluation model of debris flows in Xiuyan County. The graph of the hazard zonation of debris flows is obtained by using this model. This method proves to show the characters of the hazard of debris flows well by testing the hazard point data.

Geology, Geochemistry of Langao Mafic Volcanic Rocks in South Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

CHEN Youzhang,LIU Shuwen,LI Qiugen,DAI Junzhi,ZHANG Fan,YANG Pengtao,GUO Lishuang

2010, 46(4):  607-619. 

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To study the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Langao mafic volcanic rocks in South Qinling orogenic belt, basalts and volcanic breccias are sampled from Langao County for petrography, major elements, trace elements and REE analysis. The results show that they are classified to alkaline basalts, and characterized by strong differentiation between LREE and HREE, Rb,K depletion relative to Th, Hf and no Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti negative anomalies. All of the samples display highly consistent REE patterns and trace elements spider diagrams with OIB. Petrogenenis studies reveal that they were derived from a congenetic primitive magma which was the product of low-degree partial melting of the spinel-garnet lherzolites and garnet lherzolites. These rocks mainly underwent fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene with minor plagioclases and were not accompanied by contamination of continent crustal materials during their magmatic evolution processes. Tectonic discrimination for mafic volcanics, using trace elements, and regional geological analysis demonstrate that Langao mafic volcanic rocks were most likely formed in the ocean basin plateau or ocean island setting.

ynthesis of Titania Powder with Different Particle Sizes

ZHU Di,LIU Ranran,LI Hailong,CHEN Tao,TIAN Wenyu,SUN Mao,LI Chun,LIU Chunli

2010, 46(4):  525-530. 

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Hydrothermal synthesis of anatase titania nano-powder is a widely used method in the chemical industry and the material sciences. The size of the anomaterial is one of the significant concerns in related researches. Anatase titania with different sizes are synthesized from Ti(SO₄)₂ by adjusting the pH value, the reaction time and the precursors concentrations. The results indicate that the size of nano-titania has an approximately logarithmic relation with the reaction time; the influence of Ti(SO₄)₂ concentration and pH value on the particle size is independent; the synthesis of anatase titania nano-powder with different sizes could be achieved by controlling the synthesis temperature, the precursor concentrations and the pH values.

Carbon Emissions in China and Major Countries from 1850 to 2008 (Carbon Emissions and Social Development,Ⅰ)

ZHU Jiangling,YUE Chao,WANG Shaopeng,FANG Jingyun

2010, 46(4):  497-504. 

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Human induced CO₂ emissions have experienced three important periods: 1) 1850-2008, the period since the second industrial revolution; 2) 1950-2008, the rapid economy development period after the Second World War; and 3)1990-2008, the carbon reduction period highlighted by a sign of the “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change”. Using data of carbon emissions and population of the world from 1850 to 2008, the authors calculated historical cumulative carbon emissions and the cumulative per capita carbon emissions for the global, developed and developing countries, and analyzed characteristics of carbon emissions for the three periods for China and other major countries. The cumulative global emissions in the past 160 years were 345 PgC (1 PgC = 1015 g of carbon) ; both of the total and per capita carbon emissions in the developed countries were much higher than those in the developing countries for all the three periods. In 1850-2008, the total cumulative emission of the former was 2. 9 times higher than the latter (250 vs. 87 PgC) and the capita value was 11. 2 times higher (257 vs. 23 ton C/ cap) ; in 1950-2008, 2. 3 times higher (193 vs. 85 PgC) and 7. 7 times higher (169 vs. 22 ton C/cap) , respectively; and in 1990-2008, 1.9 times higher (75 vs. 54 PgC) and 5. 3 times higher (58 vs. 11 ton C/ cap). Although the difference in the historical emissions between the developed and developing countries is getting smaller towards the present, both total and per capita emissions of the former are still much higher than the latter, indicating that developed countries should take responsible for the enhanced atmospheric CO2 rising. The cumulative total and per capita emissions of China during the three periods were 31 PgC and 29 ton C/cap, 31 PgC and 28 ton C/cap, and 21 PgC and 16 ton C/cap, respectively. Since the reform and opening up (1980-2008), both the total and per capita emissions of China have experienced rapid growth, with the average annual increase of 0.05 PgC and 0.04 ton C/cap, respectively. These data suggest that China is losing its historical advantage with low per capita emissions, and therefore should take the policies of energy saving and carbon reduction for its sustainable development.

Study on the Distribution of Upper Air Aerosols and the Transport of Dust over East Asia

QIAN Shengli,LI Chengcai,ZHANG Qinghong

2010, 46(4):  547-554. 

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SAGEⅡ( stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment Ⅱ) data extending as long as 20 years was used to study both the spatial and temporal distributions and the trend of column aerosol between 5.0 and 15.0 km over East Asia. The transport of aerosol to the upper level and downstream areas by dust activities was also studied. It's found that there are three different kinds of horizontal distributions. In the low level of 5.0 -8.5 km, the high-value area is just above the dust source of aerosol, e.g. Tibetan Plateau, deserts in the northwest of China; in the middle level of 9.0-10.0 km, the high-value area is consistent with the area with high extratropical cyclone frequency; in the high level of 10.5 - 15.0 km, the value in low-latitude is significantly higher than that in high-latitude. Upper level aerosol distributions in all the three levels significantly vary seasonally resulting from different synoptic systems. A downward trend of upper air aerosol is found in recent ten years over East Asia and the aerosol optical depth (AOD) between 5.0 and 15.0 km has decreased by 0.016. It is also found that aerosol between 5. 0 and 11. 5 km has significant positive correlation with the dust storm activity, which infers the injection of surface dust to all the altitude in troposphere. Upper-air-effect-index of dust storm was defined to study the impact of dust storms in East Asia on the downstream areas. The movement of dust towards the east was observed; and the dust could reach the Atlantic Ocean in about 12 days.

Carbon Emissions and Socio-economic Development (Carbon Emissions and Social Development,Ⅱ)

WANG Shaopeng,ZHU Jiangling,YUE Chao,FANG Jingyun

2010, 46(4):  505-509. 

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Based on historical data on per capita carbon emissions and three socio-economic indicators (industrialization level, urbanization level, and per capita GDP) for the global total and major developed and developing countries, the relationship between carbon emissions and socio-economic development were analyzed. The results show that the process of industrialization and urbanization as well as the accumulation of social wealth, are all inevitably accompanied by large amount of carbon emissions. Therefore, reducing carbon emissions can certainly limit social and economic development. Preliminary analysis suggests that the amount of cumulative per capita emissions corresponding with the peak of industrialization should be at least 40 ton C, though it varies from country to country. For developing countries, considerable carbon emissions quota is required for further industrialization and urbanization as well as improvement of living standards. Therefore, developing countries should fight for their emission rights and financial and technical support from developed countries in the climate negotiations.

Provincial Carbon Emissions and Carbon Intensity in China from 1995 to 2007 (Carbon Emissions and Social Development, Ⅲ)

YUE Chao,HU Xueyang,HE Canfei,ZHU Jiangling,WANG Shaopeng,FANG Jingyun

2010, 46(4):  510-516. 

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The authors analyzed carbon emissions, per capita carbon emissions and carbon intensity at provincial and regional levels in China between 1995 and 2007, using data of China’s provincial energy consumption and national fossil fuel carbon emissions. Carbon emissions and per capita emissions were significantly higher in east region than in middle and west regions, whereas carbon intensity was much higher in the latter two regions. Analysis of the Theil index shows that during 1995 and 2007 there was no significant change in the inter-provincial difference in carbon intensity. The decomposition analysis of inter-provincial carbon intensity difference shows that the difference was primarily caused by the intra-regional rather than inter-regional difference, highlighting that even within same region, provincial carbon efficiencies in making economic outputs were highly various. An analysis of stepwise linear regression suggests that fossil energy endowment, industry structure and energy consumption structure play a dominant role in determining provincial carbon intensity. These findings have important policy implications.

High Resolution Numerical Simulation of Chemical Cycle with Chemo-Biostratigraphy: Based on the Upper-Mid Devonian, Guangxi

LIU Chuxiong,HAO Weicheng

2010, 46(4):  563-570. 

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Combining mathematical analysis with the approach of chemo-biostratigraphy, the authors concentrated on numerical simulation of chemical cycle in the Upper-Mid Devonian sections at Baqi, Gubi and Dujin, Guangxi. The results are as follows: The relevant elemental combinations reflecting certain regional environmental changes are steady and clear; numerical analysis at these stratum sections shows the steady and clear chemical cycles, with which more refined subdivision in a conodont phylogenetic biostratigraphic zonation and cycle to cycle comparison between different sections can be made. Therefore it improves the resolution and precision of subdivision and correlation.

2050 Carbon Emissions Projection for China (Carbon Emissions and Social Development, Ⅳ)

YUE Chao,WANG Shaopeng,ZHU Jiangling,FANG Jingyun

2010, 46(4):  517-524. 

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Based on a brief review of existing carbon emission methods and models, the future carbon emissions for China was predicted up to 2050. The best probable emission range for China is 2.4-3.3 PgC/a in 2050, with per capita emissions of 1.7-2.3 ton C/cap. According to the upper limit of the best probable range, China's carbon emissions will peak in 2035, with the peak value of 4.4PgC/a and per capita emissions of 3.0 ton C/cap. The best probable range of cumulative emission for China for 2006-2050 is 102-156 Pg C. The cumulative per capita emission for 2006-2050 is 71-109 ton C/ cap, with the upper limit lower than that of America and comparable with developed countries. While for 1850-2005, cumulative per capita emissions for China were only 1/10 that of developed countries and 1/20 of America, which implies that in terms of cumulative per capita emissions, significant gap still exists between China and developed countries.

A Table of Content Recognition Method of Book Documents Based on Clustering Techniques

GAO Liangcai,TANG Zhi,LIN Xiaofan,YU Yinyan,FANG Jing

2010, 46(4):  531-538. 

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After reviewing the merits and drawbacks of the existing ToC ( table of contents) recognition methods, the authors describe an automatic ToC recognition method with high efficiency and adaptability. Based on style consistency of ToC in book documents, this method employs clustering to detect decorative elements and to generate an adaptive ToC model which can be used to extract ToC entries and their hierarchies. Experimental results show that this method achieves high accuracy and efficiency. Especially, it performs well in processing complicated ToC with decorative elements, broken lines and various hierarchical structures. This method has been successfully applied in a commercial E-book production line.

XML-Based Context-Constraint Access Control Policy Management

ZHANG Zhikun,XIAO Jianguo,KONG Xiangning

2010, 46(4):  539-546. 

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With concern of the current research results as well as the features of the demands for access control of the Web-based application system, the authors propose a context constraint access control theory model on the level of standard reference model, from the perspective of flexibility, generality, and feasibility, and elaborate on the theory of this model and the architecture of access control system. Then the authors give the description and modeling of the access control policy and defines the entities and relations in the model by using a XML-based policy specification grammar called X-Grammar. Finally the overall function description and structure design is given, and an engineering method to elicit and define context constraints is raised.

Provenance Analysis of the Member 2 and 3 of the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in Northern Songliao Basin

PENG Guoliang,WU Chaodong,ZHANG Shun,CHEN Yang

2010, 46(4):  555-562. 

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Based on the core observation and analytical data, the provenance of the Member 2 and 3 of the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in Northern Songliao Basin was estimated according to the mineral content of sedimentary rocks, planar distributing of sandstone, ZTR index of heavy mineral and mudstone color distribution. The results show that the provenance of the Member 2 and 3 of Nenjiang Formation changes with time, but the change is small. The sediments of the Member 2 of Nenjiang Formation are mainly derived from the eastern provenance, whereas the sediments of the Member 3 of the Nenjiang Formation are derived from the eastern and northeastern provenances. Such a provenancial change might be aroused by the uplift of strata in the north area. During the deposition of the Member 2 and 3 of the Nenj iang Formation, three main provenances exist in Northern Songliao Basin: the northeastern source area, the eastern one and the western one. The eastern provenance dominates the sediments of the Member 2 and 3, while the latter Member 3 is dominated by both the eastern and the northeastern provenance. And the western provenance exists during the latter Member 3, but its incidence is small.

Late Archean Continent-Continent Collision Event of Middle Segment of North Margin of North China Plate: Evidence from S-Type Granite of Hejiao Area

HE Yuankai,WU Tairan,LUO Hongling,ZHANG Wen

2010, 46(4):  571-580. 

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The study of Neoarchean S-type granite, with obvious tectonic significance, which lies in Hejiao area, Darhan Muminggan Lianheqi, Inner Mongolia, in major elements, trace elements and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology provided further evidence for understanding the nature of tectonic setting of the northern margin of North China plate at the end of Neoarchean. The major elements features of Hejiao granite indicate that it belongs to cal-alkaline series with strongly peraluminous characteristics and Rittman index σis between 0. 54 and 0. 57. The granite has high total rare earth elements (REE) values(243.8- 427. 1 μg/g), and enriches light REE relative to the heavy ones, and has negative anomalies characteristics in Eu ( ( La/ Yb)_N = 14. 88-18. 18, Eu^* / Eu = 0. 31- 0. 65) . In addition, it depletes high field strength elements( HFSE) , such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti. The trace elements characteristics of Hejiao granite reflect that it is formed under post-collisional tectonic setting and it is from normal thick continental crust in low pressure-high temperature conditions, which are similar to the formation conditions of Lachlan fold belt in Australia. The SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age of Hejiao granite is 2556 ±8 Ma. Strongly peraluminous S-type granite of Hej iao indicates that, in the end of Neoarchean, a continent-continent collision event probably occurred at the middle segment of north margin of North China plate, and that the sanukite with the same age in Guyang area, was possibly formed at post-collisional tectonic setting rather than subduction zone.

Study on Characteristics of Ore-Forming Fluid and Chronology in the Yindu Ag-Pb-Zn Polymetallic Ore Deposit, Inner Mongolia

CHANG Yong,LAI Yong

2010, 46(4):  581-593. 

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Yindu Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, is a oversize silver deposit. The ore-forming process includes three stages, i.e. the early, middle and late stages, which are characterized by mineral assemblages of sphalerite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite, galena-pyrrhotite and fluorite-muscovite-carbonate, respectively. The early stage is the main mineralizing stage related to Cu and Zn mineralization, the middle stage is related to Ag, Pb and Zn mineralization, and the last stage, the end of ore-forming process, has weak mineralization. Through the analysis of Laser Raman microprobe, it shows that the ore-forming fluid is H₂O-CO₂-CH₄-NaCl system. Based on fluid inclusion study, it has been recognized that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid has the features like low salinity (2% -5%) , low density( 0. 72-0. 88 g/ cm³ ). With the evolution of ore-forming hydrothermal fluid, ore-forming temperature decreases gradually. The temperature of early, middle and last stage is 340. 5℃, 282. 4℃ and 260. 3℃, respectively. The ore-forming pressures are from 37 to 74 km, which reflect the mineralizing depth ranges from 3. 7 to 7. 0 km. The muscovite 40Ar/39Ar age is 135 ±3 Ma ( early Cretaceous), which is analyzed by laser ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar method.

Determination of Seismogenic Structure for the Shenyang M5 1/2 Earthquake in 1765

WAN Bo,ZHAO Xiaohui,HOU Jianjun

2010, 46(4):  620-628. 

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The deep-shallow geological structural conditions and seismic activities for the Shenyang M5 1/2 earthquake in 1765 are analyzed, the activities and seismic hazards for the Changbaixiang-Guanyinge fault (F6), the Yilan-Yitong fault, the Hunhe fault which around the epicenter are also evaluated. It is analogised of seismic structure for mid-strong earthquakes in the area of Liaoning. It is determined that the modern tectonic deformation features for the F6 is coincident with the effect of modern tectonic stress. Results of shallow seismic prospectings, progressive features of fault ruptures, aging data and offset landform show that the F6 is still active in late Quaternary. Modern slight shocks distribute along the F6. The F6 interjuncts to the Hunhe fault at the depth of 5-6 km or more, it has an echelon structure in planimetric trend, and the length of fault segment is about 20-25 km. The F6 possess the condition of gestating and generating an earthquake of 5 1/ 2 or so. The F6 is determined to be more active than the Yilan-Yitong and the Hunhe fault, and it has a higher seismic hazard. The F6 is the seismogenic structure for the Shenyang M5 1/2 earthquake in 1765.

An Improved Method for Remote Sensing Image Registration

CHEN Chao,QIN Qiming,JIANG Tao,JIANG Hongbo,ZHANG Ning

2010, 46(4):  629-635. 

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With the analysis of the current methods for image registration, an improved method based on feature point is proposed. Firstly, segmentation are conducted to the reference image and a number of feature points are extracted from each sub-picture to ensure the feature points are evenly distributed over the image. Subsequently, the known corresponding points are fitted to the transformation equation to obtain the rough matched points with the pending registration points. Then a small area search is carried out for precision registration with the rough matched point as the center according to the similarity measurement. Finally, the correct corresponding points are determined and the overall image registration is fulfilled. To validate the efficiency of the method, simulation experiments are applied for the optical images with large deformation and with large displacement of the sensor. The results show that the improved method proposed is a good way to solve the registration of optical remote sensing images. It can also reduce time complexity of extracting feature points and finding corresponding points.

Assessment and Analysis of Shenzhen River Health

GAO Xiaowei,LIU Yuanyuan,DAI Jicui,MAO Xiaoling

2010, 46(4):  636-642. 

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As the case study of Shenzhen River, a new indicator system based on eco-environment and social economic service functions is established for river health assessment by the analysis of the relationship between river health and its functions. Combined with the calculation of index to describe the health status of each function and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method applied to confirm the weights at different level, a health comprehensive index (HCI) depicting the synthetic action by all the functions is defined to present river health. Results indicate that, the systems of Shenzhen River in 2006 and 1996 are destroyed in the medium degree. It is also found that ecology and self-purification functions are severely damaged. Furthermore, the health status of Shenzhen River in 2006 is worse than that in 1996. According to the analysis of water environment and social economic characteristics of Shenzhen River basin, water pollution and water shortage are the main reasons for the damage of functions. Sewage interception and water supplement will be first considered in order to improve Shenzhen River health by ecological rehabilitation in future.

Short-Term Temperature and Precipitation Forecast over Tibetan Plateau Using Mean Generating Function-Optimal Subset Regression

DOU Haoyang,DENG Hang,SUN Xiaoming,ZHAO Xinyi

2010, 46(4):  643-648. 

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The authors examine meteorological observation data over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the passed 50 years. The Plateau was divided into five temperature and precipitation subareas using the method of self-organizing feature maps. For each subarea, mean generating function-optimal subset regression was applied to predict climatic variations in the future 5 years. The results indicate that there is no obvious trend in precipitation for the TP as a whole, except southeastern Qinghai and eastern Tibet, where a significant decreasing trend is found, and annual fluctuations of precipitation are violent. However, temperature of the TP exhibits an increasing tendency, with the exception of the southeastern part.

Soil Wind Erosion under Different Land Use Types in Bashang of Hebei Province

SUN Yanrong,LIU Hongyan,FAN Tao,MA Liguo,ZHANG Mingjie

2010, 46(4):  649-654. 

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By the trace of 137Cs and soil granularity analysis, the relationship between land-use and soil wind erosion was investigated in Bashang of Hebei Province. The results indicate that the land use types with erosion intensity, from the higher to the lower, are sandy hilly grassland > cultivated land > grassland converted from cultivated land > artificial forest > gravel hill grassland. Hence, to recover the vegetation, the gravel hilly grassland in this region should be reserved and the original vegetation in it should be protected.

SOFM-Based Classification for Land Price of City in China

GAO Yang,ZHAO Ruina,A Shan,LI Shuangcheng

2010, 46(4):  655-660. 

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Cities at prefectural level(area cities) are not only high-speed economic developing areas, but also the key areas of land supply, reorganization and active transaction. Five variables such as area of land transfer, average land prices, GDP, growth rate of GDP, and fixed assets investment are used to develop a self-organizing feature map(SOFM) artificial neural network model. The results show that 282 area cities in China are divided into the four categories: developed area of high land prices, developed area of low land prices, underdeveloped area of high land prices, underdeveloped areas of low land prices. According to the results, the characteristics of each region are analyzed and the current development situation is discussed. Classification results match the objective reality very well, indicating SOFM-based classification method is an alternative approach in research of socio-economic development.

A Green Extraction Process of Diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis Tubers with Trichoderma reesei

ZHU Yuling,HUANG Wen,LIU Wei,NI Jinren

2010, 46(4):  661-666. 

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With the concept of resource efficiency and cleaner production, a green extraction process of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers was proposed. This method contained of excluding starch from raw material and bioconverting the saponins in the residue by Trichoderma reesei. Compared to acid hydrolysis, 98.7% of diosgenin could be extracted from plant tubers through the new process, with 98.0% of starch recovered in the form of sugar. Consequently, 99.4% ofCOD, 100% of SO^2-₄ and 100% of acid were reduced in processing wastewater. In addition, acid hydrolysis by-products were greatly limited, e.g. two priority pollutants [Bis( 2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Di-n-butyl phthalate], which are specified by United States Environmental Protection Agency, typically detected in Dioscorea zingiberensis wastewater from conventional acid hydrolysis process, disappeared automatically in the proposed cleaner process.

Against Mergers? The Influence of Self-Construal and Self-Activation

HUANG Yunhui,SHI Junqi

2010, 46(4):  681-684. 

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Using the case about“Coke merging Huiyuan”, the authors investigate how participants’interdependence and different types of self-activation interact and thus influence the participants’attitude toward the events that foreign brands merge local brands. The results show that emphasizing the mergers and acquisitions promotes more negative brand attitude toward local brands, but only for those that are highly interdependent and self-threaten or those that are lowly interdependent and self-affirmed. Self-affirmed customers with high interdependence and self-threaten customers with low independence do not have lower evaluation of Huiyuan because of the merger.

Regional Features of Non-point Source Pollution in Shiyan City

XU Wenjia,LI Tianhong,JIA Zhenbang,MAO Xiaoling

2010, 46(4):  667-673. 

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Based on former research and field survey data, the discharge, loss, composition and regional features of non-point source (NPS) pollution in Shiyan City were studied with the method of pollution discharge coefficient. The results show that pollutants of total nitrogen (TN) , total phosphorus (TP) flowing into water respectively were 17900 tons and 3800 tons for various NPS in 2004. Chemical fertilizer and animal waste were the primary source of TN, respectively, accounting for 39% and 25%. The main sources of TP came from soil erosion, fertilizer pollution and aquaculture, which made up more than 60% of TP. Among the districts (counties) of Shiyan City, Danjiangkou and Yunxi had the most serious NPS pollution, while the municipal district had the smallest. Different pollution types dominated in different districts or counties. Danjiangkou was featured by aquaculture pollution type; Yunxi, the type of fertilizer pollution; Zhushan and Yunxian, the type of fertilizer-soil pollution; and municipal district, Zhuxi and Fangxian were featured by comprehensive pollution type. Those results can be referenced by local government for making scientific NPS control strategies in Danj iangkou reservoir.

Investigation of Heavy Metals Pollution in Predominant Plants around a Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant: A Case Study in Shenzhen Qingshuihe MSWI Plant

ZHONG Xiuping,WANG Junjian,ZHAO Hongwei,LIU Yangsheng,ZENG Hui

2010, 46(4):  674-680. 

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To investigate heavy metals (HMs) pollution in the different kinds of plants including trees, shrubs and herbs resulting from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), leaf samples in 34 species of 22 families around the Shenzhen Qingshuihe MSWI plant were collected. The levels and bioaccumulation factors of mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the leaves were determined. Results show that, these plants were polluted by HMs and the characteristics of pollution were different among trees, shrubs and herbs. Trees were mainly polluted by Cr, while shrubs and herbs by Hg. Significant differences ( P_t ≤ 0. 028) were observed in concentrations and bioaccumulation factors between trees and shrubs, and also between trees and herbs. The potential species for different HM pollution remediation are recommended as follows: 1) for Hg, the tree plants of Acacia auriculif ormis and Eucalyptus citriodora; 2) for Cr, the herb of Miscanthus floridulus and the shrub of Bougainvillea spectabilis; 3) for Cd, the shrub of Ilex asprella and tree of Acronychiapedunculata; and 4) for Pb, the herbs of Oxalis corniculata and Dicranopteris dichotoma. Consequently, building a multi-level botanical structure consisting of trees, shrubs and herbs is helpful to phytoremediate the pollution of heavy metals.