Abstract: As the case study of Shenzhen River, a new indicator system based on eco-environment and social economic service functions is established for river health assessment by the analysis of the relationship between river health and its functions. Combined with the calculation of index to describe the health status of each function and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method applied to confirm the weights at different level, a health comprehensive index (HCI) depicting the synthetic action by all the functions is defined to present river health. Results indicate that, the systems of Shenzhen River in 2006 and 1996 are destroyed in the medium degree. It is also found that ecology and self-purification functions are severely damaged. Furthermore, the health status of Shenzhen River in 2006 is worse than that in 1996. According to the analysis of water environment and social economic characteristics of Shenzhen River basin, water pollution and water shortage are the main reasons for the damage of functions. Sewage interception and water supplement will be first considered in order to improve Shenzhen River health by ecological rehabilitation in future.

Key words: Shenzhen River, health assessment, river function, indicator system

摘要： 以深圳河系统为例, 通过分析河流健康及其功能间的关系, 建立基于生态环境和社会经济服务功能的河流健康诊断指标体系, 采用层次分析法确定各种表征河流系统功能的具体指标对上一层元素的权重, 最后计算出健康综合指数, 并据此对河流健康状况进行综合诊断。研究表明: 深圳河2006年及1996年健康状况均处于中度受损状态; 其中生态功能和自净功能受损严重, 2006 年较 1996 年健康状况有所下降。结合深圳河流域水资源环境和社会经济特征分析可知: 深圳河现阶段水质污染严重和河道水量不足是导致深圳河功能受损的主要原因, 因此必须优先考虑截污和河道补水问题, 在此基础上方能通过生态修复进一步改善深圳河的健康状况。

关键词: 深圳河, 健康诊断, 河流功能, 指标体系