Table of Content

20 November 2008, Volume 44 Issue 6

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Factors of Biological Sulfide Oxidation in Hydrocarbon Wastewater

LIAO Bo,JI Guodong,CHENG Liqiu

2008, 44(6):  958-964. 

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An up-flow bioreactor loaded with carriers of patented functional polyurethane foams (FPUFS) was used to treat sulfide from hydrocarbon-containing wastewater. Impacts of the factors, including aeration, hydraulic retention time (HRT), influent sulfide concentration, pH and influent petroleum hydrocarbon concentration, were investigated on biological sulfide oxidation. The results show that sulfide removal rate is stable at above 80% in 300mL/min of aeration, 90min of HRT, influent sulfide concentration below 300mg/L, pH between 6.1 and 7.8. Withio the range of experimental petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations, there was no prominent removal of TOC in the reactor. Petroleum hydrocarbon had no significant effect on sulfide removal rate, with variations less than 5%, however, sulfate transformation rate declined obviously with the increasing petroleum hydrocarbon concentration.

Applicability of the Classification Method of Soil Erosion Intensity

NI Jinren,LI Xiuxia,HAN Peng

2008, 44(6):  965-969. 

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Two classification methods of soil erosion intensity are set by the Ministry of Water Resources of PR China. One is direct index method which takes soil erosion modulus or annual soil erosion thickness as the classification index. The other is indirect index method which takes some earth surface factors influencing soil erosion as the classification index. In practice, the indirect method is usually adopted because of its convenience in data collection. Based on the rapid assessment method of soil erosion proposed in the authors' previous study, the soil erosion intensity is assessed for the Yellow River basin by using the indirect method. Comparing the assessment results with the investigation results, the applicability of the indirect index method is analyzed, providing reference for the application of the indirect classification method of soil erosion intensity.

A Dual Finite Fields Algorithm for Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem and FPGA Implementation

WANG Jian,JIANG Anping,SHENG Shimin

2008, 44(6):  871-876. 

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A dual finite fields algorithm for elliptic curve cryptosystem（ECC）is presented. It can be used in two kinds of finite fields, which are Galois fields GF(p) and GF(2m) for arbitrary prime numbers and irreducible polynomials respectively. An arithmetic unit, which can perform all dual Galois fields' arithmetic operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, squaring, inversion and division, is designed for the ECC. Furthermore, the authors describes a FPGA implementation of ECC. It can efficiently handle requests for different ECC key length and different curves in GF(p) and GF(2m).

Research on the Sensitivity of Global Ocean Circulation to Vertical Diffusivity

LEI Ji,YANG Haijun

2008, 44(6):  864-870. 

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A series of three-dimensional numerical experiments of diagnosing global ocean circulation, based on the MOM4 global model, are used to investigate the sensitivity of global ocean circulation to vertical diffusivity. In the annual mean, vertical diffusivity has a considerable effect on the whole global ocean circulation system, especially in the equatorial Pacific region. Not only is the pattern of potential temperature greatly affected by vertical diffusivity, but also is the velocity field. As a whole, the horizontal and vertical temperature gradient is relative small along with the relative large diffusivity. Correspondingly，the south and north equator currents are rather strong, while the equatorial undercurrent and equatorial counter currents are relative weak. Moreover, each branch of equatorial system varies in their scale at the same time. Such a phenomenon demonstrates that the whole oceanic circulation is rather sensitive to the variation of vertical diffusivity. Furthermore, effects of each parameter in thermal equations within experiments are given. The physical mechanism is also discussed.

Middle Cambrian Highly Modified Sponge Spicules from Western Hunan，South China

CHEN Fang,DONG Xiping

2008, 44(6):  883-889. 

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The newly recovered assemblages of disarticulated sponge spicules are reported, occurring in Middle Cambrian carbonates from Wangcun section, western Hunan, South China. The most abundant kinds of spicules include stauractins, tauactins, triaxon pentactins and pentaxon pentactins. Axial canals can be observed on these well preserved specimens. A highly modified form of pentaxon pentacins is recognized as a new genus-Speciosuspongia, with two new species: Speciosuspongia hunanensis and Speciosuspongia wangcunensis. Speciosuspongia is a bilateral symmetrical siliceous pentaxon pentactin. One ray is bulky and in the symmetrical plane, the other four rays are assorted as two pairs. The bulky ray of Speciosuspongia hunanensis is deformed to a plate, which is interpreted as an important intermediate character between highly modified sponge spicules of Early and Late Cambrian.

The Construction of 4-Band Symmetric Biorthogonal Wavelets

CHEN Yanna,LIU Yu,SHEN Yanan

2008, 44(6):  835-838. 

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The symmetric biorthogonal low-pass filters of 4-band and the corresponding scaling functions are constructed by using the sum rules. Also, the symmetric or anti-symmetric biorthogonal wavelet filters of 4-band with high order vanishing moment and short support are obtained. Especially, the coefficients of filter constructed are all rational numbers and their denominators are all binary. Therefore, it is very convenient for these filters to be applied. At last, the smoothness index of the scaling functions constructed can be estimated by the method of Hanbin.

Wave Propagation in Elastic Square Columns
Ⅲ. Transient Response in Unlimited Square Column

WEI Jianping,SU Xianyue

2008, 44(6):  839-846. 

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This is a continue work in studying the wave propagation in elastic square columns. Based on the analytic dispersive equation, group velocity equation and steady response obtained from the previous work, the analytic transient response of unlimited column was derived when the propagating wave pursuing method was introduced. Then a calculation was represented, the transient responses were plotted of unlimited square columns, and the propagation waves in limited and unlimited columns were compared.

Gradient Expansion of the Kinetic Energy Density of the Two Dimensional Inhomogeneous Electron Systems

YAN Wei

2008, 44(6):  859-863. 

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Kirzhnits method is extended in the gradient expansion of the Dirac density matrix of a many electron system to the two dimension case. The zeroth-order and second-order expansion for the Dirac density matrix in two dimensions is derived. From it, the expansion for the density and kinetic energy are further derived. The results show that, in contrast to the case of the three dimensions, to the second order of the gradient expansion, there is only the Laplacian type of term Δ²k_F², while the gradient term of (Δk_F²)² is absent in the two dimensional case. The result should be useful in the application of density functional theory to two dimensional systems.

The Remarkable Nature of the Spherically Uniform Anisotropic Inclusion in an Isotropic Matrix under Remote Traction

XU Baixiang,WANG Minzhong

2008, 44(6):  847-852. 

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A spherically uniform linear anisotropic spherical inclusion perfectly bounded in an infinite isotropic matrix is studied. When the system is subjected to a remote traction, analytical results show that remarkable natures appear in the spherical inclusion. It is demonstrated that when 0<κ<1 an infinite stress appears at the center of the inclusion. Furthermore, a cavitation is formed in the case of tension loading and 0<κ<1/3, and a blackhole comes into being when a compression loading is applied and 0<κ<1.

Speedup Inverse Treatment Planning Based on Multi-core Parallel Simulated Annealing

WANG Huiliang,BAO Shanglian,CHEN Guoyao

2008, 44(6):  853-858. 

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In order to realize the real time image-guided 4D prompt conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy in clinical practice using inverse optimization algorithm，the authors tested the global optimization search of the simulated annealing algorithm with a HP desk workstation and OpenMP multi thread library，which was further used for the optimization process for a virtual phantom and 4 real treatment plans of cancer patients.The results show that the method used in the test can speed up the search efficiency notably，if more CPU or core are chosen，the multi-core based parallel calculating technology can satisfy most requirements for 4D medical imaging in clinical at current time.

The Electrical Measurement System of Nanodevices Based on Virtual Instrument

LIANG Tao,ZHU Yuzhen,LI Chengyao,WEI Xianlong,LIANG Xuelei,GAO Song,CHEN Qing

2008, 44(6):  877-882. 

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Based on virtual instrument technology, automatic measurement systems for measuring I-V curve and differential conductance were realized. In order to depress the noise, a lock-in differential conductance measurement system is designed. The data acquisition, processing and analyzing are carried out by using Measurement Studio development tool. The test results indicate that the system has very high precision and reliability. An application of the measurement system is demonstrated which measures a single carbon nanotube inside a scanning electron microscope combining with a nanoprobe system.

A Preliminary Study of a Skull Belonging to Xinpusaurus (Reptilia: Thalattosauriform) from Guanling, Guizhou Province

QU Qingming,JIANG Dayong SUN Zuoyu

2008, 44(6):  890-896. 

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The crania of Xinpusaurus sp. from the Carnian Wayao Formation of Guanling, Guizhou Province is studied in detail and then compared with other two species of Xinpusaurus. The new specimen shows following similarities to other two species: the lateral view looks like a right-angled triangle when the mouth is closed; the frontage of the dentary forms a platform as a result of its bending; a significant curve exists at the end of the premaxilla; the posterior process of the rasal extends far away from the external naris; the post-lateral process of the premaxilla extends beyond the external naris. So it is assigned to be a Xinpusaurus. However, the specimen is still significantly different to other two species: the adult size is relatively larger; the tooth at the end of the premaxilla inclines posteriorly; the premaxilla is not excluded from the formation of the external naris; no tooth on the pterygoid; the prefrontal contacts with the nasal; no tooth on the maxilla and the back of the dentary. Because of the ill preservation of the specimen, the characters of the temporal region and the post cranial can not be identified, and it's assigned to an undefined species of Xinpusaurus.

Day and Night Alternation of Natural Ultra-Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field and Its Stability Analysis

CAO Bao,QIN Qiming,LI Baishou,ZHANG Zexun,ZHANG Zili

2008, 44(6):  897-901. 

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Natural ultra-low frequency (ULF) electromagnetic field signal was observed at Beijing 119 geothermic drill at different period of time and orientation by using the BD-6 ULF electromagnetic wave detect instrument developed by Peking University. Mean voltage-depth curves and apparent resistivity-depth curves of different period of time and orientation were obtained by ULF data processing and reversing. Solar radiation can influence the signal intensity of natural ULF electromagnetic field in some way according to the result of analysis and interpretation. However， it has a little impact on the stability of natural ULF electromagnetic field. The maximum of ULF signal is accord with the magnetic north direction， and it becomes weaker in condition that the angle between the direction of instrument detector and the magnetic north increasing. The observation indicates that the interpretations of difference apparent resistivity-depth curves are obviously better than the mean voltage-depth curves.

Numercial Simulation of Tenconic Stress Field at the end of Neocene in the Midwest of Tabei Uplift

WANG Yanxin,HOU Guiting,LI Jianghai,PAN Mao

2008, 44(6):  902-908. 

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The plane and profile geological models at the end of Neocene in the midwest of Tabei uplift are established on the basis of seismic data of oil field and tectonic analysis, and the numerical simulation results of tectonic stress field in the area are obtained using linear elastic finite element method. Modeling results indicate that N-S regional compressive stress dominates the stress field of the whole area at that time, as well as that all faults of Yaha, Luntai, Hongqi, Yingmai 7 are compresso-shear structures with sinistral strike slip, while Kalayuergun fault is right lateral, and Yangtake fault is pure compressive thrust. In the condition of regional compressive stress, local stress field is formed, and affected by the main faults, which controlles the generation of secondary structures. In the modeling results of profile stress field, the orientation of the major principal stress change from horizon to incline in the middle of the uplifting area and the vertical stress component becomes bigger, which is the main factor to control the development of the compressional and subtuberant structures.

Blind Separation of Component Information from Hyperspectral Data

TAO Xin,FAN Wenjie,XU Xiru

2008, 44(6):  921-926. 

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Blind signal separation (BSS) based on the technique of independent component analysis (ICA) was introduced to the quantitative remote sensing field for mixed pixel unmixing. The scale invariant problem of the classical method was solved and the spectral and weight information of components was synchronously gained from hyperspectral data. The algorithm was further improved in the computer numerical simulation experiments, where the method for choosing best spectral coverage for retrieval was presented. Its robustness was also discussed. It was finally applied on the HYPERION hyperspectral image of the study area in Hengshan county, Shanxi Province, for retrieving the vegetation cover in pixels. The accuracy validation by using SPOT5 image shows the high accuracy of this algorithm.

Analysis on the Control Factors of the Reservoir Capabilities of the Volcanic Rocks in Xujiaweizi, Daqing

WANG Chuancheng,HOU Guiting,LI Jianghai,LIU Wenlong,HE Dian,LIU Shoujie

2008, 44(6):  909-914. 

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To predict the distribution of the favorable volcanic facies belts of Yingcheng Group in Xujiaweizi Depression, it's necessary to analyze the factors to control the reservoir capabilities of the volcanic rocks. Observation of cores and thin sections indicates that primary pores are the basic reservoir space of the volcanic rocks, while secondary pores have important influence. Through statistics of the pore types and comparison of the physical properties of the volcanic rocks, the authors find that the control factors of the volcanic reservoir capabilities are lithofacies, fractures, and dissolution by the acidic fluid. The formations that have been dissoluted under the unconformities on top of the volcanic edifices near the main faults will be the most important exploration targets.

An Efficient Method for High-Precision 3D Geological Modeling from Intersected Folded Cross-Sections

QU Honggang,PAN Mao,MING Jing,WU Zixing,SUN Zhidong

2008, 44(6):  915-920. 

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A new method is proposed for 3D computerized modeling of geological objects from sets of intersected folded cross-sections, and two key problems of “high-precision modeling” and “rapid modeling” are solved. This method expands source data and improves automatization degree for 3D geological modeling. Besides, reconstructed geological objects are more real and smoother, and model quality is improved. Finally, a 3D prototype system is developed based on this method. A case study at the Olympic site in Beijing shows that the method can be applied to practical geological areas.

Algorithm Design and Simulation Test for Software GNSS Receiver

ZHANG Feizhou,YANG Dongkai,CHEN Jia,YANG Bogang

2008, 44(6):  927-932. 

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The GNSS software receiver principle is introduced based on its architecture. Signal correlator and its work flow are designed firstly in this paper. Parallel code searching strategy using FFT (fast fourier transform) is discussed in detail, and the phase discriminator, frequency discriminator in the carrier loop for signal tracking are also analyzed. Various error sources are discussed such as the clock error, tropospheric error model, where a simple equivalent model for the later one is proposed for the software receiver. The implementation steps based on least square method is also proposed. Simulation result shows that the proposed signal acquisition strategy and the tracking method work well, including the parallel code searching and the PLL (phase lock loop) algorithm supported by DLL (delay lock loop) and FLL (frequency lock loop). In addition, the single point positioning result meets the demand using the least square method with the considerations of clock error, tropospheric error, ionospheric error and the earth rotation introduced error.

Paleo-Hydrological Signification in Mid-Holocene Revealed by the Analysis of Soluble Salts of Sihenan Profile in Mengjin, Henan Province

CAO Wen,XIA Zhengkai

2008, 44(6):  933-937. 

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According to the determination and analysis for the soluble salts of Sihenan lake sediments, the paleo-hydrological evolvement of the lake in Mid-Holocene can be recovered. Five kinds of ions were selected for the determination, including HCO₃^-，Cl^-，SO₄^2-，Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.The results indicate that the lake was a freshwater lake of hi-carbonate type, and the salt concentration increased with the evolvement of the lake. Two salting periods appeared around 5660aBP and 4040aBP respectively. Compared with the results concluded from the study for pollens and mollusk fossils, the conclusion drawn from soluble salts coincides with them, which also accords with the lake evolvement history in the background of regional climate change.

High Resolution Simulations to Transport and Diffusion over Complex Terrain

WEI Jie,SONG Yu,CAI Xuhui

2008, 44(6):  938-944. 

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Diffusion process of tracer experiments on complex seashore of Sanmen in Zhejiang Province of China is simulated by a combined modeling system. This system is composed of the diagnostic wind model Calmet, which provides a high-resolution wind field, and the Lagrangian random-walk dispersion model RPPM which calculates surface concentration distribution for comparison with the field measurement. In each tracer experiment, tracer concentration is measured at sample stations which spread over several arcs so as to capture the main body of the plume. Comparison between surface concentrations generated by the two methods reveals that the modeling system considerably well simulates the trajectory of the plume and distribution of surface concentration.

Storage, Patterns and Environmental Controls of Soil Phosphorus in China

WANG Tao,YANG Yuanhe,MA Wenhong

2008, 44(6):  945-952. 

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Based on the second national soil survey data，the pools and spatial patterns of soil phosphorus density in China was investigated.The relationships between soil phosphorus density and environmental factors were also presented. The results indicate that the total national soil total and available phosphorus pools at actual depth are 5.1Pg and 3.0Tg, respectively. The average total phosphorus density and available density are 0.60kg?m² and 3.4g?m², respectively. Total soil phosphorus density, which negatively correlates with mean annual temperature and precipitation, showes increased tendency both from humid to semi-arid/arid zones and from tropical to frigid/temperate zones. Among different soil geochemical types, available phosphorus density of Siallitic soils significantly higher than those of Gypsum-bearing and Calcareous soils and Ferrallitic and Allitic soils. In conclusion, climate and soil geochemical types are important factors controlling soil phosphorus density in China.

The Influence of Self-Activation on Local/Nonlocal Brand Evaluations

YANG Yangzi,HUANG Yunhui,SHI Junqi

2008, 44(6):  977-982. 

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The current study examines, among consumers in developing countries, diverse modes of consumers′ evaluations toward local/nonlocal brands with different types of self-activation. To achieve this goal, brand and category familiarity, and prior experience of consumers with brand were controlled; and a 3 (self-activations: self-affirmation vs. self-threat vs. neutral self) × 2 (countries of origin: local vs. nonlocal) between subject design was used. The result shows a significant interaction between self-activations and countries of origin, which indicates inconsistent preferences of local/nonlocal brands among different types of self-activation. Particularly, individuals in the self-affirmation group tend to perform a superior evaluation of local brands to nonlocal brands, whereas individuals in the self-threatening group and neutral self group tend to perform a superior evaluation of nonlocal brands to local brands. These results could be explained by ethnic identity, nonlocal brands as status symbols in developing countries, and national stereotyping. This study gives further implications of consumer behaviors in developing countries, which helps us to learn more about the influence of mental factors in country-of-origin effect.

Research on the A-O Bioreactor Landfills for Nitrogen Removal

YANG Bojing,WANG Hongtao,LU Wenjing,MOU Zishen

2008, 44(6):  953-957. 

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In order to solve the problem of Ammonia-N accumulation in bioreactor landfills, accelerate the biodegradation, and decrease the operational challenges of leachate treatment, the A-O bioreactor landfills for nitrogen removal was advanced. The system leachate recycling landfills with aerobic treatment of leachate, pH adjustment and temperature control. Laboratory simulation experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of different system on the biogas generation as well as the removal of Ammonia-N and COD. The results show that the biogas generation as well as the removal of Ammonia-N and COD in the A-O bioreactor landfills for nitrogen removal was faster than that in the conventional landfills and leachate recycling landfills. At the end of test, the Ammonia-N and COD concentration are 200.9mg/L and 1900mg/L respectively. The top rate and cumulative yield of biogas generation are 195L/d and 2976L respectively, and the CH₄ concentration was about 60%.

Validation of the Emotional Intelligence Scale

HUANG Yunhui,Lv Aiqin,WANG Lei,SHI Junqi

2008, 44(6):  970-976. 

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The Chinese version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale was revised. The questionnaire was administrated to two samples with a total of 920 undergraduates. Item analysis show that all of the 33 items meet psychometric criteria. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicates that the Chinese version of Emotional Intelligence Scale is composed of four dimensions（CMIN/DF=2.19，CFI=0.90，GFI=0.93，AGFI=0.90，RMSEA=0.05）.It is different from the one-factor structure and the four factor structure, which are reported in previous studies using samples in the West. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was 0.85. Further analysis reveals that there are no gender differences. The convergent validity and criterion-related validity are satisfactory. The revised Chinese version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale has good psychometric quality and can be applied in related psychological research areas.

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of a Pyridine-Degrading Bacterial Strain

LIU Jiangjiang,CHEN Lüjun,XIONG Ruilin,YU Rong,WEN Donghui

2008, 44(6):  983-986. 

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A bacterial strain W12 that could utilize pyridine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from an activated sludge reactor and was identified as the species of Paracoccus denitrificans. The strain was resistant to hygromycin and spectinomycin. In the degradation experiments, the strain could degrade pyridine of 505.4 mg/L in 26 hours completely, but could not degrade phenol or quinoline. The plasmid extraction tests indicate that the W12 harbores two plasmids, and its degradative ability decrease sharply when the plasmids are eliminated, implying that the plasmids may be responsible for the pyridine biodegradation.