Electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the chemical and structural differences of a series of natural tourmaline crystals including six species respectively from Xinjiang (XJF, XJ and XJZ), Yunnan (YN), Guangxi (GX) and Brazil (BXL). The results indicated that the species XJ, YN and GX are schorl, XJZ is dravite, XJF is elbaite, and BXL is tsilaisit. The FeO contents of the three species XJ, YN and GX are in an order of XJXJ>XJZ>BXL>YN>GX. The result may be caused by polyhedron distortions of YO6 octahedron. It can be concluded that the ability of formaldehyde purification will increase along with the increased mesh number.
Based on the combined data of observations, RegCM3 model and the power curve of GE 2.5 MW wind turbine, the interannual variability of wind energy potential (WEP) over 1982-2006 in China is analyzed. It is calculated that the WEP of RegCM3 wind, observation-adjusted wind and their mean wind is 25, 2.5 and 11 PWh/a, all more than 20% of China’s expected electricity demand in 2030 (2 PWh/a). Their relative standard deviations of yearly WEP are about 3%, 8% and 5%, and their relative ranges of yearly WEP are 15%, 33% and 23%. Because of the seasonal variation of wind energy and electricity demand, power deficit could occur in summer if relying on wind energy only, resulting in a need of huge backup capacity that reduces the economic benefit and emission benefit.
Area and condition variation of three kinds of permafrost in 2099 are simulated by integration of temperature data and modern permafrost distribution in Tibetan Plateau. The conclusions shows that in condition of 1.8ºC rising of annual average air temperature, the total area of permafrost will be 83.4% of today, the continuous permafrost will shrink to the east of 76.6°E, the sporadic permafrost melts greatly in southeast of plateau, and the mountainous permafrost has obvious degeneration in Pamirs and Himalaya Mountain area. While in condition of 4ºC rising of annual average air temperature, the total area of permafrost will be 73% of today, the continuous permafrost will shrink to the east of 77.4°E, the sporadic permafrost degenerates slightly in middle area, the mountainous permafrost melts greatly in Qilian Mountain, and it only could be found in some high altitude places such as Pamirs, Himalaya Mountain and Hengduan Mountain. In condition of 6ºC rising of annual average air temperature, the total area of permafrost will be 50.8% of today, the continuous permafrost will shrink to 78°E, the sporadic permafrost only could be found in middle-west area, the mountainous permafrost appeares in some extremely high area slightly.
