Utilizing high-precision shipborne multibeam bathymetry and gravity anomaly data, we analyzed the fault structures and magmatic characteristics of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) segment between 30.00°N and 31.55°N. Firstly, based on the multibeam bathymetry data, slope, roughness, and curvature information in the study area, we identified two main geomorphological patterns: faults and volcanic features. The fault geomorphology was further divided into three typical fault styles: detachment faults, E-type faults, and C-type faults. In the entire region, E-type faults are mainly distributed within the area 20–50 km away from the ridge axis on both flanks, while C-type faults are more densely distributed in the near-axis region and the rift valley of the MAR, within 0–20 km from the axis. Subsequently, the horizontal fault heaves and tectonic strain rate (T) values were calculated based on 13 cross-axis profiles. The results indicate a significant asymmetric spreading phenomenon in the region. In areas with sufficient magma supply, or near the ridge axis and the rift valley, the T values are relatively small, typically forming a thicker oceanic crust and C-type faults with smaller horizontal fault offsets. In areas with depleted magma supply or farther away from the mid-ocean ridge, a thinner oceanic crust is often formed, with larger T values and more prevalent E-type faults and detachment faults with larger horizontal fault offsets.

利用高精度船载多波束测深数据及重力异常数据, 分析大西洋中脊(MAR)30.00°—31.55°N段的断层构造与岩浆活动特征。首先基于研究区多波束测深数据及坡度、粗糙度、曲率信息, 识别出断层和火山地貌两种主要地貌样式。断层地貌可划分为拆离断层、E型断层和C型断层3种典型样式, 全区E型断层主要分布在洋中脊两翼离轴距离20~50 km的区域, C型断层在离轴距离0~20 km近轴及洋中脊裂谷区域附近分布相对密集。然后基于13条穿轴剖面, 计算断层水平断距和构造应变率(T)。研究结果表明, 区域内不对称扩张现象显著。在岩浆供给充足或洋中脊近轴及洋中脊裂谷区域, T值偏小, 通常形成较厚的洋壳及水平断距较小的C型断层; 在岩浆供给贫乏或远离洋中脊的区域, 往往形成薄洋壳, T值较大, 多发育水平断距较大的E型断层和拆离断层。