Abstract: The mechanisms, related enzymes, and research hotspots of microbial nitrification and denitrification are discussed. The operation procedure of molecular ecological technique and its application on the analysis of microbial community structure are summarized. This paper also explores the principles, operation processes, advantages and defects, and application on the study of nitrification and denitrification of three techniques (fluorescent in situ hybridization, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism). Previous studies proved that the molecular ecological technique becomes a powerful tool on the study of nitrification and denitrfication process in the environment.

Key words: molecular ecology, nitrification, denitrification, microbial community

摘要： 对微生物硝化、反硝化的机理及作用的相关酶及近年来的研究热点问题进行了探讨。综述了分子生态技术在微生物群落结构分析的操作步骤及应用情况, 分析了荧光原位杂交、变性梯度凝胶 电泳及末端限制性片段多态性技术的原理、操作流程、优缺点及其在硝化和反硝化中的应用。以往 的研究表明分子生态技术已成为环境中硝化和反硝化过程及机理研究的有力工具。

关键词: 分子生态学, 硝化, 反硝化, 微生物群落