The anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) consortia were incubated at 5℃ to explore the nitrogen removal performance of the recovered anammox bacteria at 10–15℃. The results showed that after 92 days of low temperature incubation, the nitrogen removal rate of anammox bacteria reached 225±25 mg N/(L·d) at 12±1℃, which reached 68% of the nitrogen removal rate at 22±1℃. It was significantly higher than previous research results. 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microbial composition in the reactor. Low temperature incubation had significant impact on the microbial community, especially for anammox bacteria. Candidatus_Kuenenia, as typical anammox bacteria, have a higher adaptability to low temperature than Candidatus_Brocadia and Candidatus_Jettenia, thus dominated the microbial community. The increased abundance and low-temperature metabolic capacity of Candidatus Kuenenia after low temperature incubation play an important 

role in improving the nitrogen removal performance of anammox reactor at 10–15℃.

为提高厌氧氨氧化菌在低温(10~15℃)下的脱氮能力, 将厌氧氨氧化菌群在5℃低温孵育, 探究复苏的厌氧氨氧化菌的低温氮代谢能力。结果表明, 经过92天的低温孵育, 厌氧氨氧化菌在12±1℃的环境温度下脱氮容积负荷达到225±25 mg N/(L·d), 约为22±1℃工况下脱氮负荷的68%, 显著高于以往研究结果。利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序和主成分分析的方法对反应器内功能微生物菌群进行分析, 发现低温孵育对厌氧氨氧化生物膜上的微生物群落结构的演替有显著的影响。典型厌氧氨氧化菌Candidatus_Kuenenia对低温环境的适应性高于Candidatus_Brocadia和Candidatus_Jettenia。低温孵育后Candidatus_Kuenenia占比的提高和低温代谢能力的增强, 对于提升厌氧氨氧化反应器在10~15℃时低温的脱氮性能具有重要作用。