Four natural sedimentary profiles (with a length of approximately 4.5 m and an age of around 10.0 kaBP) were selected in the vicinity of the southern section of the western city wall of Zhongdu of the Jin Dynasty, the earliest capital of Beijing. Sediment optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) ¹⁴C dating and grain size analysis were conducted on the profiles. The results show that the sedimentary facies in this area can be divided into three hierarchical levels: the first-order alluvial plain facies, the second-order riverbed subfacies and floodplain subfacies, as well as six types of third-order microfacies including riverbed, distributary channels, point bars, floodplains, flooded lands and low-lying lands. The geomorphic evolution of the area is divided into the following stages: the development stage of the ancient Leishui River before approximately 7.0 kaBP, the branching channel development stage within the paleochannel from 7.0 to 6.0 kaBP, point bars and river floodplains development stage from 6.0 to 4.5 kaBP, and the flooded land and low-lying land development stage from 4.5 to 2.5 kaBP. A sand lens with an age of about 0.9 kaBP is present in the central part of the area, which is inferred to be the sediment of the moat of Zhongdu of the Jin Dynasty.