The Delft3D model was used to simulate the flooding process on floodplains of the Lower Yellow River, and the flood disaster parameters such as flooding range and flooding depth were statistically calculated from the model. The process of giving the flood risk’s spatial distribution of the plains includes dividing the hazard-vulnerability units and calculating the hazard and vulnerability of each unit according to the topography and flood-control measures. The United Nations risk assessment index system is used to give out the spatial distribution of the flood risk for each inundation unit. The results show that the relationship between flood risk and flood scenarios response across the study area can be divided into three categories. About 50% of the plain are under “simultaneous flooding and risks”, which means the flood risk level generally varies with the flood scenario. 39.7% of the plains own the trait of “low flooding frequency leads to giant risks”, and for the unit of this category basically has the extreme risk even for the 10-year frequency floods. 11.67% of the plain are stable at a relatively low risk situation, and the flood risk is not affected by the magnitude of the flood, which is classified as “stable low risks”. In order to prevent the flood risk of the Lower Yellow River, the flooding unit of “low flooding frequency leads to giant risks” mainly distributed in Gaocun to Aishan section should give a priority to take the action, and the flood situation of once every ten years or even once every five years should be taken as the reference basis for building flood prevention measures.