北京大学学报自然科学版 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 1056-1064.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2020.066

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粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地鸟类承载力评估与提升对策——以深圳湾福田红树林为例

吴海轮1, 周琳1, 徐华林2, 沈小雪1, 柴民伟1, 李瑞利1,†   

  1. 1. 北京大学深圳研究生院环境与能源学院, 深圳 518055 2. 广东内伶仃岛–福田国家级自然保护区, 深圳 518041
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-24 修回日期:2019-12-25 出版日期:2020-11-20 发布日期:2020-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 李瑞利, E-mail: liruili(at)pkusz.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    广东省海洋经济发展专项([2020]059 号)和深圳市科创委自然科学基金重点项目(JCYJ20200109140605948)资助

Evaluation and Promotion Countermeasures of Bird Carrying Capacity of Mangrove Wetland in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area: A Case Study of Futian Mangrove, Shenzhen Bay

WU Hailun1, ZHOU Lin1, XU Hualin2, SHEN Xiaoxue1, CHAI Minwei1, LI Ruili1,†   

  1. 1. School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055 2. Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve, Shenzhen 518041
  • Received:2019-10-24 Revised:2019-12-25 Online:2020-11-20 Published:2020-11-20
  • Contact: LI Ruili, E-mail: liruili(at)pkusz.edu.cn

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摘要：

针对湿地生态健康评价中的鸟类承载力评估问题，建立底栖动物去灰分干重(AFDW)的换算方法, 优化湿地鸟类体型分类标准。以深圳湾福田红树林湿地为例, 通过计算底栖动物总资源量、可支持水鸟总热值和水鸟种群的野外代谢率, 评估福田红树林湿地的水鸟承载力。结果表明: 1) 福田红树林湿地底栖动物的总资源量具有明显的季节特征, 冬季(4.67×104 kg)<春季(6.08×104 kg)<夏季(8.00×104 kg)<秋季(1.23×105 kg), 以秋季为例, 不同生境的单位面积资源量为红树林植被区(89.22 g/m2)>滩涂区(3.58 g/m2)>基围鱼塘区(0.22 g/m2); 2) 湿地不同季节可支持水鸟的总热值为冬季(1.03×108 kJ)<春季(1.36×108 kJ)<夏季(1.76×108 kJ)<秋季(2.70×108 kJ); 3) 福田红树林湿地水鸟种群野外代谢率为467.27 kJ/d; 4) 秋季、冬季和春季是候鸟迁徙期, 福田红树林湿地对水鸟的承载力分别为6431, 2438和3235只, 而实际观测数据高于研究结果, 说明当前福田红树林湿地对水鸟的承载力不足, 不能满足候鸟迁徙季节的鸟类食物需求, 湿地水鸟可能存在数量下降的风险。建议从加强红树林的保护与恢复重建、开展基围鱼塘生态修复和功能提升工程、强化鸟类和底栖动物的动态监测3个方面, 继续加大对福田红树林湿地的生态保护力度, 以期提高底栖动物总资源量, 进而提升红树林湿地的鸟类承载力。

关键词: 深圳湾, 红树林湿地, 底栖动物资源量, 鸟类承载力

Abstract:

Focus on bird carrying capacity assessment in wetland ecological health assessment, the conversion method of ash free dry weight (AFDW) data of benthos was established, and the classification standard was optimized based on bird length. Taking Futian mangrove wetland as an example, the total food mass of benthos, the maximum calories for shorebirds and the field metabolic rate of shorebirds population were calculated. Furthermore, the carrying capacity of shorebirds was evaluated. The results are as follows. 1) The total food mass of benthos in Futian mangrove wetland had evident seasonal characteristics: winter (4.67×104 kg) < spring (6.08×104 kg)4 kg)5 kg). In autumn, the food mass density (in AFDW) of different
habitats was as follows: mangrove area (89.22 g/m2) > beach area (3.58 g/m2) > gei wei fish pond area (0.22 g/m2). 2) The maximum calories for shorebirds in different seasons were winter (1.03×108 kJ) < spring (1.36×108 kJ) < summer (1.76×108 kJ) < autumn (2.70×108 kJ). 3) The field metabolic rate of the shorebirds population in Futian mangrove wetland was 467.27 kJ/d. 4) Autumn, winter and spring were the migration periods for migratory birds, and the carrying capacity of Futian mangrove wetland to shorebirds was 6431, 2438 and 3235 birds respectively. The actual observation data was higher than the research results, indicating that the current carrying capacity of shorebirds in the Futian mangrove wetland was insufficient to meet the food needs of birds in migration season, and the number of shorebirds might be reduced. It is suggested that the ecological protection of mangrove wetland in Futian should be strengthened in the following three aspects: the restoration and reconstruction of mangrove
vegetation, the ecological restoration and functional improvement of gei wei fish pond, and the dynamic monitoring of birds and benthos. In this way, the total food mass of benthos and the bird carrying capacity can be lifted.

Key words: Shenzhen Bay, mangrove wetland, benthos food mass, bird carrying capacity

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