北京大学学报自然科学版 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 917-930.DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2020.067

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基于我国受威胁海洋鱼类分布与捕捞压力的保护空缺分析

陈航通1, 姚锦仙1,2,†, 卜思涵1, 朱争光3   

  1. 1. 北京大学生命科学学院, 北京 100871 2. 北京大学海洋研究院, 北京 100871 3. 国家海洋环境监测中心, 大连 116023
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-05 修回日期:2020-01-06 出版日期:2020-09-20 发布日期:2020-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 姚锦仙, E-mail: jxyao(at)pku.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(40602001)、山水自然保护中心“中国海洋濒危脊椎动物保护关键区域分析”项目、绿色和平组织“鲨鱼的渔业捕捞及其保护研究”项目和中国科学技术协会英才计划资助

GAP Analysis Based on the Distribution and Fishing Pressure of Threatened Marine Fishes in China

CHEN Hangtong1, YAO Jinxian1,2,†, BU Sihan1, ZHU Zhengguang3   

  1. 1. School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 2. Peking University Institute of Ocean Research, Beijing 100871 3. National Marine Environment Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023
  • Received:2019-09-05 Revised:2020-01-06 Online:2020-09-20 Published:2020-09-20
  • Contact: YAO Jinxian, E-mail: jxyao(at)pku.edu.cn

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摘要：

从专业物种数据库(IUCN, OBIS 和 GBIF)、文献数据库和专著中提取并整合分布在我国海域的 86 种受威胁海洋鱼类的基础信息数据, 利用 GIS 技术得到热点分布区域和捕捞压力格局, 通过比较物种丰度图层和脆弱度指数加权丰度图层, 探讨我国受威胁海洋鱼类的分布与受威胁状况, 并结合现有保护区信息与渔业捕捞热点区域进行保护空缺分析。结果表明: 1) 我国受威胁海洋鱼类分布热点区域包括台湾海峡海域、闽南海域、台湾以东海域、粤东海域和珠江口海域, 面积达到23.1 万 km2, 占我国海域总面积的7.7%; 2) 我国海洋保护区面积仅占受威胁海洋鱼类分布热点区域的2.3%, 覆盖度需要加强; 3) 浙中南部分海域既是捕捞“热点”区域, 也是客观上受捕捞威胁严重的区域, 需加强管理; 4) 结合Global Fishing Watch的捕捞数据分析显示, 我国的禁渔政策对鱼类多样性保护效果显著, 在休渔期捕捞强度降低80%以上, 但整体捕捞压力仍巨大。

关键词: 受威胁鱼类, 捕捞, 海洋保护区, 空缺分析, 生物多样性

Abstract:

Species distribution hotspots and threatened patterns of 86 threatened marine fishes in China seas were show by using GIS analyses. The species information was refined from multiple source (such as IUCN, OBIS, GBIF, etc.) and literature database. Then, the species abundance layers were compared with the vulnerability index weighted abundance layers to explore the threatened hotspots by fishing. Moreover, based on the threatened marine fishes distribution, fishing hotspots and information of existing protected area, GAP analyses were carried out. The results indicate that 1) the hotspots of 86 threatened marine fishes include the Taiwan Strait, sea areas of southern Fujian, eastern waters of Taiwan, sea areas of eastern Guangdong and sea areas of Pearl River estuary, and the total area is 231000 km2 (accounts for 7.7% China’s sea area); 2) China’s marine protected areas account for only 2.3% of the hotspots, and their coverage needs to be strengthened; 3) The coastal areas of Zhejiang are the most serious threatened habitat by fishing for threatened marine fishes in China. 4) Combining the data extracted from Global Fishing Watch, the results show that in the fishing season, China’s fishing intensity is reduced by more than 80% due to fish-free policy, but the fishing pressure is still huge.

Key words: threatened marine fishes, fishing, marine protected area, GAP analysis, biodiversity

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