持久性有机污染物(POPs)在水生生态系统中的环境行为

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作者综述并分析了持久性有机污染物(POPs)在水生生态系统的环境介质、生物个体中的环境行为及其主要影响因素, 主要结论如下。1) 风速、温度、生产力、溶氧、颗粒物的成分、粒径等气象和理化因素通过改变 POPs 在水-气界面及水柱-沉积物界面的传递以及 POPs 的降解、沉降、再悬浮、吸附、解吸等过程, 影响 POPs 在水生生态系统环境介质中的环境行为。2) POPs 的种类、分子结构、大小、亲脂性等理化性质会不同程度地影响其在生物体内的被动扩散和代谢分解, 影响生物富集性大小。在不同的条件下, 起主导作用的因素不同, 且各因素间互相影响, 起到协同或拮抗作用。3) 生物个体的生长率越大, 生物转化越强, 生物富集程度越小, 脂质含量越高, 生物富集能力越强。4) 雌性个体的生物富集能力弱于雄性, 不同条件下体型对生物富集的影响不同。当前有关 POPs 在环境介质、生物个体环境行为中的研究大多是独立开展的, 缺少对其互相联系与影响的综合分析, 也缺少在不同时空尺度上动态变化的研究。食物网是 POPs 传递的一个重要途径, 但是由于其结构的复杂多变, 是研究的重点和难点, 未来需要更深入的探索, 特别需要加强对底栖食物网、浮游-底栖耦合食物网及微食物网在POPs传递中的作用的研究。

关键词: 持久性有机污染物(POPs), 水生生态系统, 环境介质, 生物个体, 环境行为

Abstract:

This paper reviewed the environmental behaviors of POPs (persistent organic pollutants) in water column, sediment and living organism in aquatic ecosystem. The main results were presented as below. 1) Meteorological factors and physicochemical properties could determine the transmission of POPs in the interface of air-water and water column-sediment, including wind speed, temperature, productivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), particle size and component of sediment. The degradation, sedimentation, resuspension, adsorption and desorption of POPs would also be affected. 2) The categories, molecular structures, molecular size and lipophicity were closely related with the passive diffusion and degradation of POPs. Under different condition, the dominant influence factors would change. 3) Larger growth and biotransformation rate would cause smaller bioaccumulation, while higher lipid content had the opposite effects. 4) Comparing to male individuals, the female ones always had stronger bioaccumulation of POPs. The body size had different effects on bioaccumulation among various species and POPs. The analysis also found that previous studies were always conducted separately and lack of comprehen-sive investigation of POPs behavior in environmental medium and individuals, and the dynamic changes at different temporal and spatial scales were still not clear. Food web is an improtant transfer path for POPs, and in the future, more efforts should be put to explore and understand the complex behaviors of POPs in aquatic food web, especially the benthic, coupled benthic-pelagic and microbial food web.

Key words: persistent organic pollutants (POPs), aquatic system, environmental medium, individuals, environmental behavior

冯秋园, 吴桐, 万祎, 刘学勤, 刘永. 持久性有机污染物(POPs)在水生生态系统中的环境行为[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(3): 588-596.

Qiuyuan FENG, Tong WU, Yi WAN, Xueqin LIU, Yong LIU. Environmental Behavior of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Aquatic Ecosystem[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(3): 588-596.

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链接本文: https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.020

https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2017/V53/I3/588

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生理特征	对BAFs的影响	主要文献
生长率	生长率加快, 导致“生长稀释”, 降低水柱、浮游生物等生物体内的POPs浓度	[23]
性别	雌性生物通过产卵, 降低体内POPs浓度	[23, 43-44]
脂质	脂质与体内POPs浓度呈正相关	[33, 45]
生物转化	生物转化会降低POPs浓度, 不同生物降解不同种类POPs的能力不同	[35, 38-39]
体型大小	有研究认为, 体型增大, 由于吸收、储存、转化等因素, 生物体对POPs的生物富集性降低; 另有研究认为, 体型增大, 脂质含量增加, 生物富集增加	[46,47,48,49,50,51]

生理特征	对BAFs的影响	主要文献
生长率	生长率加快, 导致“生长稀释”, 降低水柱、浮游生物等生物体内的POPs浓度	[23]
性别	雌性生物通过产卵, 降低体内POPs浓度	[23, 43-44]
脂质	脂质与体内POPs浓度呈正相关	[33, 45]
生物转化	生物转化会降低POPs浓度, 不同生物降解不同种类POPs的能力不同	[35, 38-39]
体型大小	有研究认为, 体型增大, 由于吸收、储存、转化等因素, 生物体对POPs的生物富集性降低; 另有研究认为, 体型增大, 脂质含量增加, 生物富集增加	[46,47,48,49,50,51]