朝鲜冰雹的气候特征分析

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2014.136

北京大学学报（自然科学版）

• 北京大学学报 •

朝鲜冰雹的气候特征分析

金哲^1,2;倪相²

1. 金日成综合大学地球环境科学系, 平壤999093;
2. 北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系, 北京 100871;

收稿日期:2014-04-17 修回日期:2014-06-01 出版日期:2015-05-20 发布日期:2015-05-20
通讯作者: 倪相 ni.sansejin@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB430104)
国家自然科学基金(41330421)资助

Climatology of Hail in North Korea

KIM Chol^1,2;NI Xiang²

1. The Earth-Environmental Sciences Department, Kim Il-sung University, Pyongyang 999093;
2. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871;

Received:2014-04-17 Revised:2014-06-01 Online:2015-05-20 Published:2015-05-20
Contact: NI Xiang ni.sansejin@gmail.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用朝鲜1981—2010 年95 个地面观测站的冰雹观测记录, 分析朝鲜冰雹的气候特征。结果表明, 朝鲜的冰雹主要分布在北部山区、中部山区和西部平原地区, 年平均冰雹日数在上述地区分别达到4, 1.5 和1 以上。年平均冰雹日数分布表现出明显的季节变化, 春季主要集中在中部山区和北部山区, 年平均冰雹日数达到0.4; 夏季主要出现在北部山区, 年平均冰雹日数达到0.8; 秋季南移至西部平原和东部沿海地区, 年平均冰雹日数达到0.4。朝鲜的冰雹发生时刻具有明显的日变化特征, 平壤站冰雹最大值出现在13:00LT (当地时)。在研究的时间段内, 朝鲜全国72 个台站的年平均冰雹日数出现显著的下降趋势, 6 个台站的年平均冰雹日数明显上升, 主要分布在北部的两江道。另外, 对平壤观测站的零度层高度(FLH)、归一化对流有效位能(NCAPE)和垂直风切变(VWS)进行分析, 探讨平壤地区冰雹频数下降的原因。

关键词: 朝鲜, 冰雹, 气候特征, 长期趋势

Abstract: The hail climatology in North Korea is analyzed according to the station observation from 1981 to 2010 at 95 weather stations. Geographical distribution of annual hail day (AHD), seasonal variation, diurnal variation, and long-term trend of AHD are discussed. The results show that hail occurs most frequently in the northern mountainous areas, middle mountainous areas and western plains in North Korea. The AHD are 4, 1.5 and 1 days above in these regions. The spring hail falls mainly at middle and northern region, its value is 0.4 day. The summer hail events show high frequency at northern mountain region, and its value is 0.8 day. The autumn hail events often display in western plain and some regions of eastern coast area, and its value is 0.4 day. The diurnal cycle of hail events is distinct, the peek value of hail occurrence is at 13:00LT (local time) at Pyongyang station. During the study period, 72 stations experienced significant decrease in AHD frequency, while only 6 stations that mainly located in Rang Kang Province had distinct increase in AHD frequency. Freezing level height (FLH), normalized convective available potential energy (NCAPE), and vertical wind shear (VWS) derived from sounding data at Pyongyang station are also discussed to understand the decrease trend of AHD in Pyongyang region.

Key words: North Korea, hail, climatology, long-term trends

金哲;倪相. 朝鲜冰雹的气候特征分析[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2014.136.

KIM Chol;NI Xiang. Climatology of Hail in North Korea[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, DOI: 10.13209/j.0479-8023.2014.136.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/10.13209/j.0479-8023.2014.136

https://xbna.pku.edu.cn/CN/Y2015/V51/I3/437

参考文献

[1] Kim S, Tachikawa Y, Takara K. Recent flood disaster and progress of disaster management system in Korea. Annual of Disaster, 2007, 50: 15‒31
[2] Changnon S A J. The scales of hail. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1977, 16: 626‒648
[3] IPCC. Climate change 2007 ‒ the physical science basis: working group 1 contribution to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC. Cambridge: Cambridge Univercity Press, 2007: 314‒315
[4] Hand W H, Cappelluti G. A global hail climatology using the UK Met Office convection diagnosis procedure (CDP) and model analyses. Meteorological Applications, 2011, 18: 446‒458
[5] Cecil D J, Blankenship C B. Toward a global climatology of severe hailstorms as estimated by satellite passive microwave imagers. Journal of Climate, 2012, 25: 687‒703
[6] Zhang C, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Climatology of hail in China: 1961–2005. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2008, 47: 795‒804
[7] Cao Z. Severe hail frequency over Ontario, Canada: recent trend and variability. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35: L14803
[8] Kunz M, Sander J, Kottmeier C. Recent trends of thunderstorm and hailstorm frequency and their relation to atmospheric characteristics in southwest Germany. Int J of Climatol, 2009, 29: 2283‒2297
[9] Eccel E, Cau P, Riemann-Campe K, et al. Quantitative hail monitoring in an alpine area: 35-year climatology and links with atmospheric variables. Int J Climatol, 2012, 32: 503‒517
[10] Berthet C, Dessens J, Sanchez J L. Regional and yearly variations of hail frequency and intensity in France. Atmos Res, 2011, 100: 391‒400
[11] Xie B, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Trends in hail in China during 1960–2005. Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35: L13801
[12] Kim C, Ry H C. The synoptic change of analyses of hail formation in North Korea. Meteorology and Hydrology, 2005(4): 1‒3
[13] Dong Y J. Meteorology dictionary. Pyongyang: Korea Agriculture Publish Shop, 1985: 245‒246
[14] Kim C, Cha G Z. The distribution and variation trend of solar in Pyongyang region. Meteorology and Hydrology, 2005(2): 3‒6
[15] Fawbush E J, Miller R C. A method for forecasting hailstone size at earth’s surface. Bull Am Meterol Soc, 1953, 34: 235‒244
[16] Santer B D, Wehner M F, Wigley T M L, et al. Contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent tropopause height changes. Science, 2003, 301: 479‒483
[17] 符琳, 李维京, 张培群, 等. 近50 年我国冰雹年代际变化和北方冰雹趋势的成因分析. 气象, 2011, 37(6): 669‒676
[18] Blanchard D O. Assessing the vertical distribution of convective available potential energy. Weather and Forecasting, 2005, 13: 870–877
[19] Chao C B, Kim C. The synoptic analyses of heavy rain formation in Hui Chen region. Meteorol Hydrol, 2008(1): 9‒12
[20] Wang Y. Observed trends in extreme precipitation events in China during 1961–2001 and the associated changes in large-scale circulation. Geophys Res Lett, 2005, 32: L09707
[21] Etkin D. Brun S E. A note on Canada’s hail climatology: 1977–1993. Int J Climatol, 1999, 19: 1357–1373

朝鲜冰雹的气候特征分析

Climatology of Hail in North Korea

PDF

PDF (翻译版)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

留言