江汉平原北部明清时期的环境演变

北京大学学报（自然科学版）

江汉平原北部明清时期的环境演变

钟愉佳¹,莫多闻¹,李宜垠¹,史辰羲¹,胡珂¹,刘辉²

1. 北京大学城市与环境学院, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871; 2. 湖北省考古研究所, 武汉430077;

收稿日期:2010-04-28 出版日期:2011-07-20 发布日期:2011-07-20

Environmental Changes at the North of Jianghan Plain during Ming and Qing Period

ZHONG Yujia¹, MO Duowen¹, LI Yiyin¹, SHI Chenxi¹, HU Ke¹, LIU Hui²

1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes MOE, Peking University , Beijing 100871; 2. Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Wuhan, 430077;

Received:2010-04-28 Online:2011-07-20 Published:2011-07-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对江汉平原北部蔡?西剖面沉积物粒度、地球化学元素、孢粉等相关数据的综合分析, 揭示了该地区约1250年以来环境演变历史。通过沉积物的野外观察、粒度数据分析及剖面所处地貌部位的综合分析认为, 该剖面沉积物主要为汉江等周围水系洪水带来的泥沙泛滥至低洼平原区, 并以近乎停滞的低缓流速沉积而成, 所以沉积物以细粒的黏土质粉砂为主, 并由于沉积物来源区存在广泛的黄土沉积分布, 使得沉积物具有某些类似于黄土的沉积特征。1500年前后沉积物粒度的明显变粗和分选的明显变差, 可能反映洪泛作用的增强。地球化学元素和孢粉分析结果揭示, 该地区自1250年以来的气候可以划分为较为暖湿、偏干凉、较为暖湿和稍许干凉化的4个阶段。其中1500年前后出现的显著气候干凉化事件反映出明清时期气候中突出的一次降温事件, 这个时间段洪泛作用增强同气候干凉化事件的对应表明气候的干凉化可能是导致洪泛过程增强的因素之一。

关键词: 江汉平原, 明清时期, 环境变化

Abstract: The Caidangxi profile is in the north of Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Synthetic analysis of grain size, chemical elements and pollen of sedimentary samples from Caidangxi profile reveal the paleo-environmental changes since 1250 AD of the area. The sediments of the profile dominantly consist of clay silts. The sedimentary characteristics, such as grain size and the sorting coefficient, together with the analysis geomorphic position on which the deposition occurred, may indicate that the sediments were deposited by sheet flood mainly from Han River in a slow hydrodynamic depositional process. The sedimentary characteristics also show some similarities with the loess sediments for that some materials were derived from the loess distributed in this river basin. The grain-size and sorting have a significantly increase in 1500 AD, which might reflect the effect of the intensified flooding process. The climatic history since 1250 AD could be identified four stages by geochemical elements and pollen analysis data. The climate of four stages were respectively “wet and warm”, “cool and dry”, “a little wet and warm” and “a little cool and dry”. The distinct cool and dry climate during around 1500 AD might reflect the response of an evidently lower temperature event of the Little Ice Age. It also might be one of the reasons for the intensified flood process during the same time.

Key words: Jianghan Plain, Ming and Qing period, environmental changes

中图分类号:

P564

钟愉佳,莫多闻,李宜垠,史辰羲,胡珂,刘辉. 江汉平原北部明清时期的环境演变[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）.

ZHONG Yujia,MO Duowen,LI Yiyin,SHI Chenxi,HU Ke,LIU Hui. Environmental Changes at the North of Jianghan Plain during Ming and Qing Period[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis.

[1]	高艺珅, 王红亚, 程颖, 刘鸿雁, 朱晨怡. 太白山西佛爷池沉积物有机碳、氮同位素记录的过去1800多年的气候-环境变化[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, 2018, 54(1): 94-104.
[2]	张彩娜, 王红亚, 刘鸿雁, 程颖, 宋雅琼, 罗耀, 邓雷. 太白山高山带距今5520年以来气候‒环境变化 —— 佛爷池沉积物的多指标记录及其结果的解译[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, 2015, 51(6): 1091-1101.
[3]	李建峰;宋宇;李蒙蒙;黄昕. 江汉平原秸秆焚烧污染物排放的估算[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, 2015, 51(4): 647-656.
[4]	李拓宇,莫多闻,胡珂,王海斌,郭媛媛,张翼飞,任小林. 临汾盆地陶寺遗址附近全新世黄土剖面的环境指标分析[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, 2013, 49(4): 628-634.
[5]	胡珂, 莫多闻, 王辉, 张翼飞. 萨拉乌苏河两岸宋(西夏)元前后的环境变化与人类活动[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, 2011, 47(3): 466-474.
[6]	董广辉,夏正楷,刘德成,吴庆龙. 河南孟津地区中全新世环境变化及其对人类活动的影响[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, 2006, 42(2): 238-243.
[7]	杜巧玲,. 黑河中下游绿洲生态安全变化分析[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, 2005, 41(2): 273-281.
[8]	孙艳荣,穆治国,崔海亭. 埋藏古木树轮碳、氢、氧同位素研究与古气候重建[J]. 北京大学学报（自然科学版）, 2002, 38(2): 294-301.