关键词: 合作进化, 互惠, 惩罚

Abstract: This article reviews current research on cooperation evolutionary model. Based on Prisoner’s Dilemma Game model, cooperation evolutionary model, offering individuals mechanisms of strategy optimizing unrelated with themselves, focuses on how cooperation can emerge from society. Evolutionary model based on theory of direct or indirect reciprocity proves reputation facilitate reciprocity cooperation in small scale society; reciprocity can be regarded as rewards to those cooperators that will dominate in society with open social network; punishment to those non-cooperators is good to n-person cooperation and a more stable equilibrium will emerge when non-cooperators are punishers under some conditions, comparing to when cooperators are; group competition facilitates the spread of cooperation culture or institution, but cannot explain cooperation when these groups merge.

Key words: evolution of cooperation, reciprocity, punishment