关键词: 认知地图, 外部化方法, 空间变形, 手绘草图, 多维标度法, 标准误差椭圆, 二维回归

Abstract: At present, there are two dominant methods, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and sketch map, to externalize human's internal cognitive map. In order to study the similarities and distinctions between MDS configuration and sketch map, the authors conducted an experiment on Beijing residents by requesting a sketch of the region within Three Ring and meanwhile extracting distance estimates between eight landmarks. With preprocessing to eliminate errors, both results are adjusted to the same geographic coordination. Employing the bidimensional regression along with standard deviational ellipse, the authors compared the local and global distortions between two kinds of cognitive maps. It implies that the sketch map is more consistent with the real map, while distortion orientations of sketch map are similar to those of MDS configuration. Additionally, the authors provide advices for future usage of two methods.

Key words: cognitive map, externalization method, spatial distortion, sketch map, multidimensional scaling, standard deviational ellipse, bidimensional regression