关键词: 黑烟囱, 生命起源, 古细菌, 嗜热细菌, 硫化物

Abstract: The discovery of Black Smokers is one of the most important scientific achievements of global ocean science in last twenty years. Communities of highly specialized animals live in a hostile environment of high temperature, extreme pressure, complete darkness, oxygen deficient and sulphur around Black Smoker sites. Their primary producer is Archaea. The living environment of Archaea resembles the environment of early life origin. In the genome serial, Archaea is close to common ancestor of life. The system of hot fluids extended widely, therefore, thermophiles had an expansive living space. Considering the conditions of substance, environment, energy and security necessary for life origin, ideal habitats for life origin are similar to the hydrothermal environments around the Black Smokers at deep sea floor.

Key words: black smoker, life origin, Archaea, thermophiles, sulphide