关键词: 物质输入与输出量, 物质输入与输出强度, 物质输入与输出效率, 可持续性

Abstract: The method of material flow analysis (MFA) has been applied to study t he material input and output throughout the Chinese economy system from 1985 to 1997. The results are shown as follows: (a) The total input and output volumes o f solid and gaseous materials represented a similar increase trend, whereas the volumes of tap water supply and domestic sewage discharge in urban areas follow a statistical relationship of multinomial. Thus, the material input volume of an economy system can be used to determine the material output volume to a certain extent. Therefore, controlling resource input is an effective means for decreasing pollutant output. (b) The input and output volumes of solid and gaseous materials per capita showed also an increase trend，in which the discharge volumes o f waste gases and solid waste per capita increased rapidly. Moreover, the annual growth rates of material input and output volumes were obviously larger than those of population in the study period. So, not only natural resource consumption but also air and soil pollution were accelerated along with the growth of population. (c) Both material input and output volumes per GDP, including water consumption and wastewater discharge decreased, which indicates that the efficiency of resource use of the Chinese economy system enhanced significantly.

Key words: material input and output volume, material input and output intensity, material input and output efficiency, Susstainability