Variation of Metal Production, Regional and Industrial Distributions of Heavy Metals Discharge from Industrial Wastewaters of China and European Union

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.119

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the data collected from the British Geological Survey, European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, China Statistical Yearbook on Environment, and Annual Statistic Report on Environment in China, the variations of metal production, regional and industrial distributions of heavy metals discharge from industrial wastewater were compared for China and European Union. Although the metal production increased quickly from 1993 to 2014, the total discharge of heavy metals in wastewaters decreased. This is ascribed to the change in production modes, technology innovation, and improvement of wastewater discharge standard. The regional and industry distributions of heavy metals in wastewaters were different for different heavy metals. Whereas, the regional and industrial distributions of heavy metal discharges from industrial wastewaters of European Union change insignificantly from 2007 to 2013. Moreover, the European Union’s experience in policy formulation and supervision will help China learn from it.

Key words: industrial wastewater, heavy metal, region distribution, industry distribution, China, European Union

摘要：

利用英国地质调查局、欧洲污染物排放和转移登记系统、《中国环境统计年鉴》和《中国环境统计年报》数据, 对比分析中国与欧盟金属产量、工业废水中重金属排放的区域和行业分布、演变规律及原因。结果显示, 1993—2014年中国黑色金属和有色金属产量快速增加, 但工业废水中重金属减排却非常明显; 生产方式的转变(清洁生产和循环经济)、生产技术的革新以及行业标准的变化促进了中国工业废水中重金属的减排; 中国工业废水中不同重金属排放的区域和行业分布不同, 相比之下, 欧盟的排放区域和行业分布变化不大, 且排放较为集中。欧盟在政策制定、监管方面值得中国学习借鉴。

关键词: 工业废水, 重金属, 区域分布, 行业分布, 中国, 欧盟

Menglin LI, Lili WEN, Conghe WANG, Ling HAN, Weiling SUN. Variation of Metal Production, Regional and Industrial Distributions of Heavy Metals Discharge from Industrial Wastewaters of China and European Union[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(6): 1053-1067.

李梦琳, 温丽丽, 王琮禾, 韩凌, 孙卫玲. 中国与欧盟金属产量及工业废水中重金属污染物排放区域和行业分布变化研究[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(6): 1053-1067.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Data sources

数据种类	金属种类	数据来源	统计时间段
金属产量	铁、铜、锌、铅、铝	英国地质调查局(BGS)	1993—2014年
欧盟工业废水重金属排放量	砷、铅、铬、镉、汞	欧盟污染物排放和转移登记系统 (European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, E-PRTR)	2007—2013年
中国工业废水重金属排放量	砷、铅、铬、镉、汞	中国环境统计年鉴中国环境统计年报	1993—2015年 2001—2014年

Fig. 1 Main ferrous and nonferrous metal production in China and EU from 1993 to 2014

Fig. 2 Comparison of heavy metal emissions in industrial wastewater in China (a) and EU (b)

Fig. 3 Arsenic and lead emission in different provinces of China from 1993 to 2014

Fig. 4 Chromium, cadmium and mercury emission in different provinces of China from 1993 to 2014

Fig. 5 Arsenic and lead emission in different river basins of China from 1993 to 2014

Fig. 6 Chromium, cadmium and mercury emission in different river basins of China from 1993 to 2014

Fig. 7 Arsenic and lead emission comparison of areas in EU from 2007 to 2013

Fig. 8 Chromium, cadmium and mercury emission comparison of areas in EU from 2007 to 2013

Fig. 9 Arsenic and lead emission in different sectors of China from 1993 to 2014

Fig. 10 Chromium, cadmium and mercury emission in different sectors of China from 1993 to 2014

Fig. 11 Arsenic and lead emission comparison of sectors in EU from 2007 to 2013

Fig. 12 Chromium, cadmium and mercury emission comparison of sectors in EU from 2007 to 2013

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