Based on the methods of piecewise regression model, Theil-Sen slope estimator, Mann-Kendall trend test, and stepwise regression model, this study explores the changes in near surface wind speed in China from 1981 to 2020 and its relationship with circulation patterns. The results indicate that overall, the wind speeds from 1981 to 2020 showed decreasing trends, with the decreasing trends of westerly, easterly, southerly, and northerly winds being −0.08, −0.06, −0.14 and −0.14 (m·s⁻¹)/10a, respectively. Using a segmented linear regression model to explore the inflection point of wind speed, the wind speed showed downwards trend before the inflection point and upward trends after the inflection point, and the average increase amplitude of southerly and northerly winds is higher than that of westerly and easterly winds. There are differences in wind speed changes in different regions and directions. The average south and north winds in northern China (Northwest, North, and Northeast China) changed from decreasing to increasing near 2012, while the average wind speeds in the four directions in southern China (South China) changed from decreasing to increasing near 1990. There is a strong correlation between the atmospheric circulation indices and the near surface wind speed in China. Among the inter-annual indices, the Asian Polar Vortex Intensity Index retains the highest frequency in the stepwise regression model, which is positively correlated with wind speed and has a higher impact on the northern sites of China than the central and southern sites. Among the interdecadal indices, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation retains the highest frequency in the stepwise regression model and is negatively correlated with wind speed. Its impact on wind speed at stations in southern China is significantly lower than that in the north and central regions

基于1981—2020年中国地面气象站观测数据, 利用分段线性回归模型、Theil-Sen斜率估计、Mann-Kendall趋势检验以及逐步回归模型等方法, 探究近40年中国近地面风速变化的区域差异及其与大气环流的关系。结果表明, 1981—2020年的风速整体上呈下降趋势, 西风、东风、南风和北风的风速下降幅度分别为−0.08, −0.06, −0.14和−0.14 (m·s⁻¹)/10a; 不同时期风速的变化趋势有差异, 在拐点年份前呈下降趋势, 在拐点年份后呈上升趋势, 且南风和北风的平均风速上升幅度大于西风和东风; 不同区域和不同方向的风速变化存在差异, 中国北部(西北、华北和东北地区)南风和北风的平均风速在2012年前后从下降趋势转为上升趋势, 中国南部(华南地区) 4个方向的平均风速在1990年前后从下降趋势变为上升趋势; 大气环流与中国区域近地面风速的变化具有较强的相关性。亚洲极涡强度的年际变化指数在逐步回归模型中被保留的频率最高, 与风速正相关, 对中国北部风速的影响大于中部和南部; 太平洋年代际振荡指数在逐步回归模型中被保留的频率最高, 与风速负相关, 对中国南部风速的影响显著小于北部和中部。