Based on the POI (point of interest) data of retail businesses and the field investigation information in Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing during 2010–2019, using GIS space analysis and qualitative research method, this article discusses and analyzes the evolution characteristics and influencing mechanism of retail business space in National New Area. The research states that: 1) in 2010–2019, the retail outlets in Liangjiang New Area was in “multiple point” increasing and “circle type” spreading, and the overall space distribution mode was transforming from “single center” to “multi centers”. 2) The distribution of comprehensive retail outlets and food outlets is less affected by the spatial location, showing the evolution characteristics of “largely spread and largely gathered”. The distribution of outlets such as shopping mall, textile and clothing, sports, medicine and home appliances prefer mature business circles, showing the evolution characteristics of “small spread and largely gathered”. Automobile and furniture outlets expand significantly in the peripheral groups, showing the evolution characteristics of “largely spread and small gathered”. 3) With the inter impacts on elements of opening up the window of opportunity under national strategy, outlets gather forced by external demands and scale effect, the path dependency and historical contingency in the evolution of retail formats, location specificity selection among retail profession, institutional thickness constructed by “entrepreneurial government”, and so on, the evolution of retail business space is being influenced.